Verbal Operants
Tact vs Mand
Verbal Operant under the functional control of MOs and specific reinforcement
Verbal Operant under the functional control of a nonverbal SD and produces generalized conditioned reinforcement.
observable behavior
throwing a tantrum
hitting with open hand
being upset
goofing off in class
Sr
Stimulus response
Consequence (what comes after bx)
The reaction provided by the instructor to the student in response to the students behavior.
Increase: "Good Job"
Most Common Graph
The graph most commonly used in ABA is:
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line graph
bar graph cumulative graph scatterplot
Natural Reinforcers:
The consequences (the response to the child's behavior) is related to the behavior the child emitted.
PRT does not use arbitrary rewards such as treats or other unrelated rewards.
Time of Day Ex: Work on buttoning PJ at night time. Naturally Reinforcing Consequence: Warmth
Echoic vs Intraverbal
Verbal operant controlled by a verbal SD that. has point-to point correspondence and formal similarity with the response.
Verbal operant that occurs when a verbal sd evokes a verbal response.
negative reinforcement and negative punishment:
bad
aversive
removal
punishment
Latency
A measure of how long it takes a learner to start performing a behavior.
We often times start recording after an _ _ is presented.
Ex. "Ok, independent reading"
Behavior Momentum
Procedure used to increase compliance.
During sessions:
3 behaviors with high compliance, then low probably target. High to Low probability sequence
For parents (end target) Shoes on
PRT
Hint: Evidenced Based Practice
Pivotal Response Training (follow the childs lead)
Motivation to Learn
*child choice
*use of natural reinforcers
*rewarding approximations
*Task Variation
*Interspersing Maintenance & Acquisition Tasks
Textual
Two Possible Answers:
Verbal operant that has point-to -point correspondence, but not formal similarity between the stimulus and the response.
A type of verbal operant that involves the act of reading without necessarily comprehending what is being read. Textual behavior has point-to-point correspondence but no formal similarity with the stimulus that evokes it (Cooper, Heron, and Heward, 2007).
Punishment
Decreases frequency of behavior
Differential Reinforcement
What is it?
DRA Alternative
DRO Other
DRI Incompatible
DRL
DRH
Stimulus Control
Anything:
Trials to Criterion
A measure of the number of responses or opportunities it takes a client to achieve a pre-determined (pre-established) level of accuracy.
How many responses for an indep response
Transcription
Transcription is writing and spelling what is being spoken, like taking notes during class! Similar to textual behavior, there is no implication that what is being written is understood by the learner.
*Permanent Product
Positive 'positive punishment' means
Stimuli is added
NET or DTT
Discrete Trial Training: Clear, Beg, Middle, End
Must plan for generalization
Natural Environment Teaching/Training
Considers child motivation
Child may be more distracted
EO
An establishing operation (EO) is a motivating operation that increases the value of a reinforcer and increase the frequency in behavior that provides access to the reinforcer (Cooper, Heron & Heward, 207, p. 695).
Definition
(Pos/Neg) Reinforcement or (Pos/Neg) Punishment intervention.
?
Hearing 'book', saying 'book'
Seeing a dog on table, saying 'get off'
Hearing 'book', writing 'book'
Provide reinforcement when
we want to see a behavior increase
Verbal Behavior
True/False:
The analysis of verbal behavior involves the same behavioral principles and concepts that make up the analysis of nonverbal behavior. No new principles are required.
If your child reaches for a fav puzzle and picks it up it is not verbal behavior.
If your child drags you by the arm to the puzzle and cries until you give it to them, that is verbal behavior.
asks, cries, screams, signs, uses PECS, symobols, writes a note, jumps up and down until you give him or her the puzzle and you do- all of these are exmaples of verbal bx. Page 4
Extinction
a procedure used in Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) in which reinforcement that is provided for problem behavior (can be unintentionally) is discontinued in order to decrease or eliminate occurrences of these types of negative (or problem) behaviors.
SD
Discriminative Stimulus
This is the demand/question/verbal cue or direction given, to obtain a specific response. A technical term that means to make clear that reinforcement is available if the correct response is given. Ex. Touch Red, Clean your Room
CONSISTENT SD: Build instructional control