RM
RRITH
CVM
HRM
Clin Skils or Random
100
5 structures make up the thoracic cage. List 2 of them
Sternum
• Costal cartilages
• Ribs
• Vertebra
• IV discs
100
Health outcomes are generally poorer in rural and remote areas, one of the reasons for this is different beliefs about health. What is one example of one of these beliefs?
Stoicism
Resourceful and independent
Functional view of health
100
Do the pulmonary arteries contain oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated (only arteries that do that!)
100
Blood type O contains which ABO antigens?
Neither A or B
100
In a systems review, give two questions you could ask for the respiratory system?
cough?
wheeze?
SOB?
Short of breath (SOB), wheezing, cough, sputum, coughed up blood, occupational
lung disease, snoring loudly—(daytime sleepiness, asleep while driving), fevers, night sweats,
pneumonia, TB, last CXR, or other pulmonary investigations (CT, spirometry)
200
Which spinal nerves/ventral rami supply the diaphragm?
C3-4-5 keep the diaphragm alive
200
What ASGC-RS category is Townsville?
RA3 - outer regional cause far away from brisbane
200
On an ECG, what does the p wave represent?
Atrial depolarisation
200
True or false: Someone with Type A blood can donate their plasma to Type O.
True! Type A plasma has B antibodies (anti-B).
Type O have no antigens on their RBCs to react with any antibodies so YES you can
200
In a cardiac exam, if you auscultate and it sounds normal, how would you explain your findings?
(how do you say the heart sounds normal)
Heart sounds dual no murmurs
S1 and S2 are audible with no additional sounds
300
How many lobes make up the right and left lung (how many in each)?
2 - left
3 - right
300
What are some of the challenges of living in a rural mining town? (2 pls)
Just there for work
• Transient, FIFO
• High incomes (if in mine)
• Dependency on
international markets
• Boom and bust
300
What is the role of the fibrous pericardium of the heart vs the serous pericardium of the heart?
Fibrous: tough, outer sac protects against sudden over filling, protective against trauma
Serous (parietal and visceral): produces serous fluid that allows the heart to beat in a friction free environment
300
What are the five white blood cells?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, basophils, monocytes
300
In a cardiovascular exam, list two things you would look for in the eyes or face?
Xanthelasmata
Arcus senilis
Icterus
Conjunctival pallor
Lips and tongue for cyanosis
Mucosal petechiae
Condition of dentition
400
Lung compliance is the ease of expansion of the lungs. What are 2-3 factors that affect lung compliance?
Lung Compliance (CL ) depends on:
1. Pulmonary connective tissue
Alveolar damage (i.e. Emphysema) CL
Fibrosis CL
2. Surfactant
Surfactant prevents pulmonary epithelial surface from adhering during
exhalation. Low surfactant = CL ( infant respiratory distress syndrome)
3. Thoracic cage mobility
Arthritis or scoliosis rib cage and spinal mobility = CL
400
What are the four steps in risk management?
1. Identify risks
2. Assess risks
3. Control risks
4. Periodically review
400
Starting at the SA node... what are the anatomical structures in the conduction system of the heart?
1. SA node -> (internodal branches) -> AV node -> Bundle of His -> Left and right bundle branches -> Purkinje fibres
400
What are the four vitamin K dependent clotting factors?
2, 7, 9, 10
400
How would you palpate for the apex beat in a cardiac exam? (location)
Location left 5th ICS 1cm medial to MCL
Using pads of fingers
500
How do you calculate alveolar ventilation?
Amount of air getting to alveoli each minute
𝑽𝑽A = (VT – VD ) x f
Tidal V amount of air in in one breath
subtract physiological dead space x number of breaths per minute
500
What are the five salient aspects of rural health practice?
1. rural-urban health differentials
• 2. access
• 3. confidentiality
• 4. cultural security
• 5. team practice
500
What is the axis of this ECG?
Left axis deviation
(Lead 1 is up, aVF is down)
OR
(Lead 1 is up, Lead 2 and 3 are down)
500
Warfarin is an anticoagulant, what does it do to stop coagulation?
Decreases prothrombin and other procoagulation factors
• Takes a couple days for its action
• Inhibits production of vitamin K dependent factors
500
The clin skills history taking workbook lists 10ish different systems you could ask about. Give an example of five systems and a question you could ask for each.
CV, resp, GI, genitourinary, neuro, MSK, endocrine, haem, repro, old, general