Menstruation
In one Nepalese study, students who learned about menstrual health experienced improved confidence and a reduced amount of this feeling at school.
What is shame/embarrassment?
Source: Khanal et al., 2023
Adequate levels of this vitamin, often obtained from sunlight exposure, are important for maintaining regular ovulation.
What is vitamin D?
Source: Jurczewska & Szostak-Węgierek, 2022
This hormone, elevated during maternal stress, can cross the placenta and affect fetal development.
What is cortisol?
Source: Van den Bergh et al., 2020
This term refers to the act of feeding an infant directly from the breast, which remains safe for an infant to drink from even when the mother is infected with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.
What is chest feeding?
Source: Powell, 2022
One of the key evolutionary advantages proposed for menopause is that it allows women to contribute to their kin's survival by acting as these.
What are grandmothers?
Source: Emery Thompson, 2024
This hormone, whose levels fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, is thought to influence muscle activation and substrate metabolism.
Source: Carmichael et al., 2021
This phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the formation of the corpus luteum and increased progesterone levels.
What is the luteal phase?
Source: Carmichael et al., 2021
Healthcare providers' failure to recognize this experience of African American patients may result in inadequate treatment and poorer maternal health outcomes.
What is pain?
Source: Saluja & Bryant, 2021
Maintaining this practice, which includes consuming adequate fluids, is crucial for breastfeeding women to support optimal milk production and ensure both maternal and infant health during the first month of lactation.
What is adequate hydration?
Source: Gila-Díaz et al., 2021
This condition, characterized by thinning bones and loss of bone density, becomes more prevalent in women after menopause due to decreased estrogen levels.
What is osteoporosis?
Source: Emery Thompson, 2024
These facilities, crucial during menstruation, are missing or inadequate in many schools across the world, making it hard for students to attend.
What are private and clean restrooms?
Source: Khanal et al., 2023
Athletes often report physical discomfort (e.g., cramping, fatigue) and emotional symptoms during this phase of the ovulatory cycle, which can influence their perception of performance.
What is the Early Follicular Phase?
Source: Carmichael et al., 2021
Stress during pregnancy is directly and indirectly associated with complications such as this, when an infant is delivered before the 37th week of pregnancy.
What is pre-term birth?
Source: Alves et al., 2021
There is a growing body of research on lactation, which has previously focused on the experiences of women but is now expanding to include lactation induction (including exogenous hormone therapy, medications like domperidone, and techniques to stimulate milk production) in these individuals.
What are transgender individuals?
Source: Weimer, 2023
Menopause may trigger or worsen these mental health conditions due to the psychological and physiological effects of the transition.
What are depression and anxiety?
Source: Alblooshi et al., 2023
Early menarche and late menopause, which result in a higher number of menstrual cycles, are associated with a slight increase in the risk of this type of cancer.
What is Breast Cancer?
Source: Coelingh Bennink et al., 2023
In genetic or transgender situations where individuals have normal female breasts and estrogens but no progesterone, the incidence of breast cancer is reported to be this.
What is low?
Source: Coelingh Bennink et al., 2023
Literature suggests that if healthcare providers were more aware of and would address this unconscious factor would improve maternal health outcomes and reduce racial disparities.
What is implicit bias?
Source: Saluja & Bryant, 2021
The study found that breastfeeding women often had insufficient intake of these two key nutrients, which are important for bone health and muscle function. (Hint: One of them is written as the letter K on the periodic table).
What are vitamin D and potassium?
Source: Gila-Díaz et al., 2021
Research found that women with this type of menopausal experience, characterized by early onset and shorter duration of symptoms, may have a higher risk of developing mood disorders.
What is early menopause?
Source: Alblooshi et al., 2023
This term describes a menstrual cycle that occurs regularly and lasts between 21 and 35 days.
What is a eumenorrheic cycle?
Source: Carmichael et al., 2021
Consuming large amounts of this type of protein, typically from animal sources, may negatively impact ovulatory function.
What is animal protein?
Source: Jurczewska & Szostak-Węgierek, 2022
This term refers to the ability of pregnant women to adapt positively to stressors, and low levels of it are linked to poorer maternal and fetal outcomes.
What is resilience?
Source: Alves et al., 2021
The study found that breastfeeding women in the first month postpartum often neglect this aspect of their health, leading to nutrient deficiencies and potential impacts on lactation.
What is their own diet?
Source: Gila-Díaz et al., 2021
This evolutionary hypothesis suggests that menopause may have evolved to reduce reproductive competition between mothers and daughters. (Hint: A type of selection that increases the survival of kin).
What is Kin Selection?
Source: Emery Thompson, 2024