The Atom
positive
proton
group
column
related to valence electrons
metallic bonding
conducts electricity
homogeneous mixture, dissolved in water
aqueous
sum of atomic masses
gram formula mass
formula mass
molar mass
negative
period
row
related to # of shells
electrons are transferred
ionic
chemically combined, fixed ratio/proportion
compound
simplest whole number ratio of atoms
empirical formula
neutron
neutral / no charge
located in nucleus
mass = 1
isotope
same # of protons, different # of neutrons
electrons are shared
covalent
physically combined, ratio/proportion can vary
mixture
empirical and molecular
types of chemical formulas
orbital or electron
wave-mechanical
similar chemical properties
same # of valence electrons
categories of compounds
ionic and molecular (or covalent)
element
cannot be broken down
conserved
charge, mass, AND energy
gold foil experiment
mostly empty space
dense, positively charged center
different structure
different properties
electronegativity difference
degree of polarity
ideal gas
low pressure, high temperature
PLIGHT
molecular polarity
SNAP OPEN
Symmetrical = Nonpolar; Asymmetrical = Polar
(formula ends with) Odd # = Polar; Even # = Nonpolar