Revolutions & Political Upheaval
This 1962 confrontation brought the U.S. and USSR to the brink of nuclear war
Cuban Missile Crisis
This period saw the rise of steel, electricity, and chemical industries after 1870.
Second Wave of Industrialization
This U.S. order by President Roosevelt after the attack on Pearl Harbor led to the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII.
Executive Order 9066
This period in the U.S. involved aggressive investigations into alleged communist influence.
McCarthyism
Following the expulsion of France by Ho Chi Minh's forces, this conflict involved communist North Vietnam and U.S.-backed South Vietnam.
This revolutionary leader established the first communist state in Russia.
Vladimir Lenin
This era featured aggressive European expansion into Africa and Asia in the late 1800s.
New Imperialism
This systematic and industrialized execution of Europe’s Jewish population to make more "living space" (Lebensraum) for the Aryan race.
Final Solution
This Soviet leader began the “de-Stalinization” of Russia.
Nikita Khrushchev
This anti-apartheid leader became South Africa’s first Black president after spending over a decade in prison.
Nelson Mandela
This peasant uprising in response to Russo-Japanese War, economic instability, and poor living conditions that forced the Tsar Nicholas II to create a constitutional monarchy.
Russian Revolution of 1905
The 1842 treaty that ended the First Opium War, forcing China to open ports to British trade and cede Hong Kong to Britain.
Treaty of Nanjing
This WW1 veteran and ex-member of the socialist party established a fascist regime in Italy in the 1920s.
Benito Mussolini
This U.S. initiative provided massive amounts of economic aid to rebuild Western Europe after WWII.
Marshall Plan
This revolution overthrew a U.S.-backed monarch and established an Islamic republic.
Iranian Revolution
This democratic government ruled Germany between World War I and was blamed by Hitler for Germany’s decline after accepting the Treaty of Versailles.
Weimar Republic
This term refers to direct British rule over India from 1858 to 1947.
British Raj
This international organization was created after World War I to maintain peace but failed due to limited power such as no military backing.
League of Nations
This policy pledged U.S. support to countries resisting communism after WW2.
Truman Doctrine
The 1954 U.S. Supreme Court decision that declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional, signaling a global shift toward equality and human rights after World War II.
Brown vs. Board of Education
This 1868 transformation rapidly modernized Japan and restored imperial rule.
Meiji Restoration
This Mao-led campaign known for "backyard furnaces" aimed to rapidly industrialize China but led to famine and massive death toll.
Great Leap Forward
The assassination of this Austro-Hungarian archduke by a member of the Serbian terrorist group, the Black Hand Society, sparked World War I.
Franz Ferdinand
These reforms by Gorbachev introduced economic restructuring and openness in the late Soviet Union.
Perestroika and Glasnost
This event involved the violent suppression of pro-democracy protests in Beijing.
Tiananmen Square Massacre