A
What treaty divided the New World between Spain and Portugal?
Treaty of Tordesillas
What document criticized the Catholic Church and sparked the Protestant Reformation?
95 Theses
What Ottoman practice involved recruiting boys from Christian families for military service?
Devshirme system
What trade network involved the exchange of goods and enslaved people between Europe, Africa, and the Americas?
Atlantic Trade System
What precious metal was central to Spanish colonial wealth and a good example of their 'extractive economy'?
Silver
Who were the indigenous people of the Caribbean encountered by Columbus?
Taino people
What crop became a major cash crop in the Americas, especially the Caribean, and was a key part of the Atlantic trade?
Sugar Cane
What invention revolutionized the spread of knowledge in the 15th century?
Printing Press
What form of government places absolute power in a monarch’s hands?
Absolutism
What God given right to rule was claimed by Chinese emperors?
Mandate of Heaven
What major exchange of goods, ideas, and diseases occurred after Columbus’s voyages between the Americas and Europe?
Columbian Exchange
What type of economy is based on the extraction of natural resources?
Extractive Economy
Who was the Ottoman sultan known for conquering Constantinople in 1453?
Mehmed the Conqueror (II)
What elite military unit served the Ottoman sultans?
Janissaries
What Indian empire is known for its cultural achievements and wealth in the 16th century?
Mughal
Who was the Chinese explorer known for his extensive (and expensive) maritime voyages in the 15th century?
Zeng He
What Protestant denomination was founded in Switzerland based on the belief that God has already pre-selected those to be 'saved' and go to Heaven.
Calvinism
Who were the Spanish explorers known for their conquests in the Americas?
Conquistadores
What is the branch of Islam that believes in the stricter, more traditional forms of religious expression, resulting in a more closed off, hierarchical system of government
Shi'a
Who was the African leader who resisted Portuguese colonization in the 17th century?
Queen Nzinga
What is the branch of Islam that follows a looser interpretation of who should lead the Prophet Muhammad, leading to a more open, tolerant management of government?
Sunni
What Persian dynasty was known for its Shi'a Islamic faith and culture?
Safavid
What system granted Spanish colonists land and the right to force labor from indigenous peoples?
Encomiendas
What meeting was convened to address issues raised by the Protestant Reformation and institute more oppressive, ritualistic measures throughout the Catholic Church?
Council of Trent
Which European royal houses included Henry VIII and Elizabeth I?
The Tudors