Factors of Change
How did world religions adapt when it spread around the world?
syncretism the mixing of Beliefs
Catholicism incorporated
native traditions in the
Americas
Hinduism and Islam - Sikhism in Mughal India
Core region of the World System in the early modern age
Northwestern Europe
What were the three Gunpowder Empires?
Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire,
Mughal Empire
The destinations of enslaved people from Africa
Most enslaved Africans
sent to Brazil and the
Caribbean for sugar
plantations.
• Smaller numbers went to
North America.
• Conditions were extremely
harsh; high mortality rates
required constant
replacement
The following trends was characteristic of the early modern era
The consolidation of power by large empires through colonization
The population of the Native Americans dramatically declined following the arrival of Europeans primarily because of:
Lack of natural immunity among Native Americans to European diseases like smallpox
As part of the rise of the Atlantic World, this city was a very important port city with a large banking sector and stock market
The three major regions of Oceania
Australasia, Melanesia, Polynesia,
and Micronesia.
Explain the three parts of the Triangular Trade
Europe: manufactured goods
• Africa: enslaved people
• Americas: cash crops (sugar,
tobacco, rice, cotton)
By promoting Confucianism and and practices like foot binding
The impact of the smallpox on world history
It enabled the conquest of the Americas by the Europeans
Impact of the Scientific Revolution
It shifted the focus to reason, logic, and scientific experimentation, shift from clerical authority → human
reason
What is individualism?
People began making personal choices in marriage, naming,and life decisions
Why Europeans considered Africans in the Atlantic Slave Trade
the large populations in Africa
Africans had immunity to diseases that decimated the indigenous American population
Africa was geographically linked to the Atlantic Trading System
Korean isolationism was a result of
Wars with Japan and fear of invasion
Results of the Protestant Reformation
Popularized the key belief: Justification
by Faith Alone,Scripture Alone
• Led to formation of
Protestant churches
•Bibles produced in various native languages for individuals to read
Reasons for the decline the Mediterranean Sea
Because new, quicker trade routes to Asia and the rise of the Atlantic economy made trade along the Mediterranean obsolete
The reason for the expansion of Russia in the East
the concept of being the Third Rome
Roles Africa has shaped world history
Three primary trade routes:
• Silk Road – land routes linking China to
Eastern Europe, passing through Africa
via Sinai
• Sea Roads – maritime trade connecting
North Africa, Mediterranean, Red
Sea, Indian Ocean
• Sand Road – trans-Saharan route
connecting West Africa with North/East
Africa
• Traded not only goods (silk, spices,
gold) but also ideas, beliefs,
cultures, architecture, languages,
diseases
Method used by Matteo Ricci to bridge Christianity and Confucianism
By promoting Confucianism as part of Christian teachings
Europe: Introduced domesticated plants (wheat,
rice, barley) and animals (horses, pigs,
sheep) to the Americas
the Americas: provided corn, potatoes, chili
peppers, tomatoes, vanilla, chocolate
to Europe
General characteristics of PreColumbian Empires in the Americas
ability to adapt to environments
knowledge of science, mathematics and engineering
monumental architecture
trade
wealth in gold and silver
The significance of the Italian City-States from the 11th to the 15th centuries
This place in Europe was the most urbanized and had the strongest trade connections to Asia through trade routes on the Mediterranean Sea
Legacy of Atlantic Slavery
socially casting inferiority based on othering
economically - Northern European wealth built due to the commodities that were produced from slavery
culturally - casting people as inferior is perpetuated
How did the Japanese Tokugawa Shogunate practice isolationism and what was the motivation?
It limited Dutch trade to Nagasaki and refused foreign immigration of people and ideas
• Motivation: fear of disorder, foreign
influence, invasions