Gender
Gender in the Paleolithic Era can be described as
egalitarian
they were river based to facilitate agriculture, travel and trade
the uniqueness of Buddhism
no central religious authority
Government that developed in Athens, Greece
democracy
Characterstics of the Mesopotamian Civilization
unpredictable flooding - instability
independent city-states ruled by kings
subject to invasion
One fundamental characteristic of Judaism
the enduring influence of ethical monotheism and its infleunce on other world religions such as Christianity and Islam
From of government found in Rome prior to Julius Caesar
republic
Egyptians, Mayans
In ancient civilizations marriage was a
economic and social institution
to ensure legitimacy of children
protection and stability
continuation of lineage
Characteristics of Egyptian Civilization
Natural Barriers - desert east and west
Pharoah was the political and religious leader
predictable flooding with the Nile River that left rich soil and facilitated the construction of irrigation systems
Polythestic religion
stable kingdom for 3000 years
Influence of agricultural cycles on religion
humans felt it was important to appease divine influences in order to obtain favorable weather patterns which were beyond human control
King who created the first written legal code which was strict with an eye for an eye
King Hammurabi
They revolutionized writing with a 22 letter alphabet
the Phoenicians
Rigid gender divisions began during the:
Neolithic Revolution
Characteristics of Classical China
civil service system
bureaucracy
11,000 miles of canals
large urban populations
Early Christian leader who saw it as a global religion
Legal distinction of ancient Persia
rulers were subject to the laws and they could not change them
Those trained in the art of writing
scribes
Reasons for the development of the patriarchy
larger populations needed more childcare
the rise of warfare
agricultural specialization
private property and the need to control inheritance
increasing social complexity
Characteristics of Indus Valley Civilization
grid system for cities
drainage and sewage systems
long distance trade
multistory brick homes
Causes for the rapid expansion of Islam
religious conviction
trade networks
camel caravans
military successes
Explain the Mandate from Heaven
• Belief that rulers governed with the approval of heavenwhen they ruled wisely, morally, and effectively.
• Dynasties lost the Mandate of Heaven when they
became weak, corrupt, unjust, or failed to prevent
disasters or invasions.
• This belief supported the rise and fall of ruling families where one dynasty justified the overthrow of another
Causation of the emergence of writing
Linked to agriculture, trade, and
government
Enabled communication across time and
space
Used for recordkeeping: taxes, grain, tools,
goods
Preserved religious texts and stories