Conquistadors & Fallen Empires
Spanish leader who conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519 after years of experience with Indigenous peoples.
(A) Francisco Pizarro, (B) Hernán Cortés, (C) Christopher Columbus, (D) Montezuma
(B) Hernán Cortés
Economic system where the Mother Country profits by exporting more than it imports and limiting colonial trade.
(A) Colonialism, (B) Isolationism, (C) Mercantilism, (D) Free Trade
What is Mercantilism?
Exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres after 1492.
(A) The Age of Exploration, (B) The Middle Passage, (C) The Columbian Exchange, (D) The Transatlantic Triangle
What is the The Columbian Exchange?
Spanish term meaning “family line” or “heritage,” describing race-based social hierarchy in colonies.
(A) Casta, (B) Hacienda, (C) Viceroy, (D) Criollo
What is Casta?
Mercantilism led to revolution because it enriched this continent at the colonies’ expense.
(A) Africa, (B) North America, (C) The colonies, (D) Europe
What is Europe?
Aztec capital city built on Lake Texcoco, later destroyed and rebuilt as Mexico City.
(A) Cuzco, (B) Veracruz, (C) Tenochtitlán, (D) Santo Domingo
Where is Tenochtitlán?
Colonial system allowing Spaniards to demand labor or taxes from Native Americans on their land.
(A) Encomienda System, (B) Casta System, (C) Popular Sovereignty, (D) Plantation System
What is the Encomienda System?
The Americas and the Caribbean are collectively called this in the global exchange.
(A) South America, (B) The New World, (C) The Old World, (D) The Eastern Hemisphere
What is the New World?
Group at the top of colonial society—people born in Spain.
(A) Peninsulares, (B) Creoles, (C) Mestizos, (D) Mulattoes
Who are Peninsulares?
Political goal of Latin American Revolutions: authority from the consent of the people.
(A) Socialism, (B) Popular Sovereignty, (C) Divine Right, (D) Mercantilism
What is Popular Sovereignty?
Inca emperor captured and killed by Pizarro after paying a ransom of gold.
(A) Atahualpa, (B) Montezuma, (C) Túpac Amaru, (D) Moctezuma II
Who is Atahualpa?
Main crop grown by the Portuguese in Brazil to make the colony profitable.
(A) Tobacco, (B) Sugar, (C) Corn, (D) Potatoes
What is Sugar?
Old World animal brought by the Spanish that helped Native Americans hunt bison.
(A) Pigs, (B) Cattle, (C) Horses, (D) Sheep
What are Horses?
Term for people of mixed Native American and European ancestry.
(A) Mulattoes, (B) Peninsulares, (C) Mestizos, (D) Zambo
Who are Mestizos?
Intellectual movement that inspired Latin American independence and popular sovereignty.
(A) Catholic Church teachings, (B) Communist Manifestos, (C) Medieval principles, (D) Enlightenment ideals
What are Enlightenment ideals?
Resource that helped Cortés conquer the Aztecs because many tribes opposed Montezuma’s rule.
(A) The assistance of the Maya, (B) The superior size of the Spanish army, (C) Allies among previously conquered indigenous people, (D) The use of gunpowder and cannons
What are allies among previously conquered indigenous people?
Colonialism: control of a territory by this type of power.
(A) A religious organization, (B) The local wealthy landowners, (C) Another, distant country, (D) An indigenous ruler
What is a distant county?
New World crop that caused famine in Ireland when disease destroyed it.
(A) Wheat and Rice, (B) Coffee and Bananas, (C) Corn and Potatoes, (D) Tobacco and Peanuts
What are Corn and Potatoes?
People of European descent born in colonies; held local power but ranked below Peninsulares.
(A) Mulattoes, (B) Mestizos, (C) Native Americans, (D) Creoles
Who are Creoles?
Bolívar said people must unite and expel this European group to gain true freedom.
(A) The British, (B) The Spaniards, (C) The French, (D) The Portuguese
Who are the Spaniards?
The negative reality of the Encomienda System for Native Americans: they were forced to do this type of work in unhealthy conditions.
(A) Economic collapse, (B) Warfare and battles, (C) Slavery and forced labor, (D) European diseases like smallpox
What are European diseases like smallpox?
The negative reality of the Encomienda System for Native Americans: they were forced to do this type of work in unhealthy conditions.
(A) Learning Spanish customs, (B) Being paid wages for their work, (C) Being converted to Christianity, (D) Dangerous, forced labor in bad conditions
What are dangerous, forced labor in bad conditions?
This Old World commodity, brought from Asia by the Europeans, became a major cash crop grown on extensive plantations in Latin America.
(A) Wheat, (B) Corn, (C) Sugarcane, (D) Tobacco
What is sugarcane?
This large group of people made up the bottom of the colonial social structure, had the least power.
(A) Peninsulares and Creoles, (B) Mestizos and Mulattoes, (C) European settlers and indigenous allies, (D) Native Americans and Africans
Who are Native Americans and Africans?
This group, which took the top place on the social hierarchy after independence was achieved, were the children of Spaniards born in the colonies.
(A) Mestizos, (B) Peninsulares, (C) Africans, (D) Creoles
Who are Creoles?