READINGS
What is the message of the Malleus Maleficarum?
Evil is real, powerful, and must be aggressively eliminated by religious authority to preserve order.
What is Dualism
the belief that reality is made up of two opposing or distinct forces or principles
What was the most aggressive group of people against witches
Sumerians
What is Enlightenment
Enlightenment in Britain and France questioned traditional authority and embraced the notion that humanity could be improved through rational change
What is Rite of Passage? Name the 3 stages of liminality with examples?
RITE OF PASSAGE: a ritual or process that marks an important transition in a person’s social status or life stage
Pre Liminal, Liminal, Post Liminal
ex: LRRH -> sheb leaves her house, in the forest, dies
Name 4/7 of the Seven Theses
The monster’s body is a cultural body
The monster always escapes
The monster is the harbinger of category crisis
The monster dwells at the gates of difference
The monster polices the borders of the possible
Fear of the monster is really a kind of desire
The monster stands at the threshold of becoming
How were Demons seen in Monotheism, Polytheism, and Animism?
MONOTHEISM: absolute evil spirits
POLYTHEISM: beings between humans and gods
ANIMISM: any kind of supernatural being
what was the main reason witches were targeted and persecuted
the rapid spread of protestantism and the push back of the spread of catholicism/ converting catholics
What's the difference between comedy and tragedy
Comedy ends in resolution and social harmony, while tragedy ends in irreversible loss or suffering.
What is the Cult of Ancestors in the 3 major religion types?
MONOTHEISM:
Heaven and Hell
POLYTHEISM:
the deceased live in the house with the family after death
ANIMISM:
afterlife is a continuation of life
What is Phaedrus?
dialogue between Socrates and Phaedrus about love and the soul
What are the 3 layers of Cosmology?
Heaven Above, Earth in the Middle, Underworld
When did the obsession with witches begin in Europe?
beginning of Modernity (16th Century)
What is Positivism?
A philosophical system that holds that every rationally justifiable variable can be scientifically verified or is capable of logic
Briefly explain Arabian Nights
Who is Gilgamesh?
a mesopotamian hero (part god part human)
The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the oldest pieces of literature
What is Zoroastrism?
The oldest idea of satan
How did witchcraft survive violence?
Manicheans
Judaism
Gnocticism
During the middle ages there was many persecutions of “Christian” religious groups accused of Satanic actions
What is "uncanny"?
the feeling of ambivalence
The uncanny is anything we experience in adulthood that reminds us of earlier psychic stages, aspects of our unconscious life, or of primitive experiences of human species
What is Necropolis?
a large, elaborate cemetery or city of the dead
in polytheism cult of ancestors
What did the birth of Huitzilopochtli explain to the Aztecs?
Explained why the Aztecs believed warfare and sacrifice were necessary to sustain cosmic order and the power of the sun.
Where does the name "Satan" come from?
Commonly given to the fallen angels also known as demons
3 parts of the Malleus Maleficarum
Concerns on how the devil and his witches perpetrate a variety of evil on mankind
How witches cast spells and bewitchments
Legal procedures
What happened during European Imperialism
Remapping of Africa, Middle East and Asia without considering the cultural and linguistics borders that were established
What is Sacred Prostitution
an important job for women that involved sleeping with the divinities to understand possession