Ottomans & Mughals
This Mughal ruler's stance on religious tolerance stands out among other political leaders throughout world history up until the 20th century.
Who is Akbar?
Despite an overall progression toward ideas grounded in equality and human rights, the Enlightenment took steps in the opposite direction with respect to thinking and policy on race and this concept.
What is gender?
This Chinese emperor rejected Western superiority, squelched trade with the West, and attempted to eradicate Christianity from China.
Who is Qianlong?
This individual, attempting to break into older trade routes near India, accidentally sparked a new era of discovery, exploration, and, eventually, globalization.
Who is Christopher Columbus?
Toussaint Louverture's 1801 constitution established Saint-Domingue as the first place in the modern world to abolish slavery, but it didn't allow for this, which occurred 25 years earlier in a country to the north.
What is independence?
The system of conscription whereby local Ottoman villages had to hand over young Christian boys so that they could learn Turkish, convert to Islam, and receive rigorous military training in order to serve the empire.
What is the devshirme?
This economic system served as the precursor to that which Adam Smith championed.
What is mercantilism?
This economic plan effectively channeled and controlled trade in Qing China.
What is the Canton System?
The Spaniards, led by Hernán Cortés, succeeded against a much larger Aztec contingent in Mexico for several reasons, including their shrewd alliances with Aztec foes, more destructive and efficient weaponry, and this.
What are germs/disease?
This man's "Code" led to more fairness in some areas but ended up placing stability over liberty and equality, resulting in the replacement of a monarchy not with a republic but with a dictatorial empire.
Who is Napoleon Bonaparte?
As opposed to the Safavids, the Ottoman empire adhered to this sect of Islam.
What is Sunnism?
Who is Galileo Galilei?
In addition to the combined factors of the Little Ice Age, an influx of silver that pressured Chinese peasants, and regional wealth undermining the central dynasty, a desperate Ming leader made a deal with this group, which ushered in the Qing dynasty.
What are the Manchus?
This country trafficked nearly a million more humans than any other during the transatlantic slave trade.
What is Portugal?
Rather than a "colony of residence," Saint-Domingue was a "colony of ___________," which means that France hired managers to oversee their property in Saint-Domingue.
What is production?
The aptly named Mehmed the Conqueror achieved this military feat that the Ottomans had craved ever since the foundation of Islam.
What is the conquest of Constantinople?
Who is Thomas Hobbes?
On top of the dramatic shift in perspective toward Christianity that began with Hideyoshi, another decisive moment in modern Japanese history was when Ieyasu seized power and installed this political policy, which kept leadership in the family.
What is a shogunate?
Though Gonzalo Gómez de Cervantes' made an extensive argument supporting the repartimiento system, the lack of enforcement of its policies rendered it no better than this system that preceded it.
What is the encomienda?
Who are Toussaint Louverture and André Rigaud?
This system ensured autonomy for non-Muslims within the Ottoman empire, though, in the process, it also subjected them to a continual second-class citizen status (e.g., through the execution of the jizya tax).
What is the millet system?
Merriam-Webster can thank this individual for forging a new path forward in the study of all knowledge.
Who is Denis Diderot?
Japan's story is shaped, in part, by Chinese influence, as shown by the fact that filial piety and loyalty to superiors, which are both staples of this philosophical tradition, eventually became the state creed.
What is (Neo-)Confucianism?
From the beginning of the 16th century up through the end of the transatlantic slave trade soon after the U.S. Civil War, the Western world had forcibly displaced over how many million Africans?
What is 12 million?
This prominent revolutionary figure of the early 19th century who claimed that "[s]lavery is the daughter of darknesss" endeavored to great a pan-American state.
Who is Simón Bolívar?