The Haitian Revolution
The slave system in Haiti depended on backbreaking labor in fields, often without clear time limits, in order to produce all sorts of goods for European markets, including especially this sweetener, which has the molecular formula of C₆H₁₂O₆.
What is sugar (cane)?
One product of the Great Revolt was a transfer of power from the BEIC, which ruled India from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century, and the British government. Another was the creation of this position.
What is the Secretary of State?
This northeastern African country is one of only two within the continent never to have been permanently colonized, having successfully staved off Italian invasion.
What is Ethiopia?
Coinciding with a nasty fight for authority between Ci Xi and Guangxu after the Hundred Days' Reform, driving foreigners out of China became a key objective of this turn-of-the-century movement that all but ended any hope of Chinese strength on an international scale.
What is the Boxer Rebellion?
This leader of the Committee of Public Safety, which fought for economic stability and a national army in France, eventually met a gruesome yet quick end the by killing method of the day, the guillotine.
Who is Max Robespierre?
Toussaint Louverture's 1801 constitution established Saint-Domingue as the first place in the modern world to abolish slavery, but it didn't allow for this, which occurred 25 years earlier in a country to the north.
What is independence?
This bustling port city, located in northeastern India, played a prominent role in the discussions leading up to Partition.
What is Calcutta?
Facilitated by Otto von Bismarck, this watershed event in foreign relations, which took place in 1884-1885, commenced the Scramble for Africa.
What is the Berlin Conference?
The modernization of Japan is, to a very large extent, rooted in the arrival of the "black ships" commandeered by this individual in 1853.
Who is Matthew C. Perry?
In a bold move that sent shock waves through the country a month after the historic meeting of the Estates General, the 3rd estate locked itself in this space until it was able to compose a new constitution in defiance of the perceived oppression at the hands of the nobility and clergy in late 18th century France.
What is a tennis court (at Versailles)?
This revolutionary figure, who at different points fought against and alongside Toussaint Louverture, became the first ruler of an independent Haiti?
Who is Jean-Jacques Dessalines?
What is Direct Action Day?
There is a reason this country changed its name to Zimbabwe in the 1980s in a direct attempt to distance itself from its colonial past, for this former name was rooted in the work of an eventual CEO of the diamond company De Beers, Cecil Rhodes.
What is (Southern) Rhodesia?
In the late Qing empire, as opium was starting to make its way into China from India via the British, the Chinese government restricted foreign access exclusively to this major port city, which is known by what name today?
What is Guangzhou?
(Or then: Canton)
At the very top of the social ladder in late 18th century Latin America was this group, which referred to Spanish-born colonizers living in the Americas.
Who are the Peninsulares?
In pointing out the hypocrisy of the colonizing power in Saint-Domingue, Toussaint Louverture drew attention to the freedom, equality, and natural rights highlighted in this document.
What is the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen?
The political boundaries separating India from Pakistan and Bangladesh, which are named after the British official who oversaw the process, represent this "prize."
What is the Radcliffe Award?
The colonization methods in this country — the largest by land mass in all of Africa — paved the way for what eventually culminated in a long and bloody fight for freedom among its citizens, and against the French, during the late 1950s and early 1960s.
What is Algeria?
What is extraterritoriality?
In his defense of a strict political institution in Gran Colombia that would help formerly enslaved people learn how to govern themselves, Simón Bolívar drew attention to this individual, who had previously claimed that "liberty is a succulent morsel but one difficult to digest." (Hint: he also had a famous line about people being born free but still in chains.)
Who is Jean-Jaques Rousseau?
Though this individual, a former runaway who was enslaved in Africa, inspired enslaved persons across Saint-Domingue, showing them that the French rule could be resisted in his successful poisoning of plantation owners.
Who is François Makandal?
Concerned with the growing power of the Japanese, who had inched closer to the northeastern border of India during second world war, this initiative by Winston Churchill in 1942 intended to curry the favor of Indians by securing their military support of the British.
What is the Cripps Mission?
Which country's independence — very late within the timeline of decolonization in Africa — goes back to the outcome of WWI but, ultimately, depended on the policies of a country located directly to its southeast, which, at the time, was embroiled in an Apartheid conflict.
What is Namibia?
The Treaty of Portsmouth, which commemorated Japan's historic victory over Russia in the early years of the 20th century, granted the winner land rights to this country, which was the home of another international war again about a half century later during the Cold War.
What is Korea?
Two years after the beheading of King Louis XVI and a third constitution in five years, this political entity, with its bicameral legislature and ability to bend the rules, gained power in France from 1795-1799, eventually giving way to Napoleon Bonaparte.
What is the Directory?