Unit 1
What does geocentrism refer to?
The belief that Earth is the center of the universe
The guillotine was:
A method of execution
19. Who led the successful slave revolution in Haiti?
Toussaint L’Ouverture
What was Young Italy?
A nationalist group seeking Italian unification
The Enlightenment was a movement that emphasized:
Reason, science, and individual rights
Napoleon Bonaparte was:
Military general turned emperor of France
Who was Simón Bolívar?
A leader of Latin American independence movements
What was Bloody Sunday in Russia (1905)?
A peaceful protest that was violently suppressed
Natural rights are best defined as:
Rights people are born with
What were the three main goals of the Congress of Vienna (1814–1815)?
Balance of power, legitimacy, and stability
What is the difference between Creoles and Peninsulares in Latin America?
Creoles were American-born Europeans, Peninsulares were born in Spain
Who was the last tsar of Russia?
Nicholas II
The term laissez-faire refers to an economic system in which:
The government stays out of buisness
What did the Third Estate primarily want before the French Revolution?
Political equality and fair taxation
What did Otto von Bismarck mean by “Iron and Blood”?
War and military strength would unify Germany
Who was known as the Sword, the Brains, and the Heart of Italian independence?
Sword: Garibaldi | Brains: Cavour | Heart: Mazzini
The Age of Enlightenment is also known as:
Age of Reason
Under the Ancien Régime in France, society was divided into:
Three Estates: Clergy, nobility, and common people
What was the dual monarchy in Austria?
Austria and Hungary ruled as one empire with two governments
Why did Austria suffer after the Crimean War?
It had no allies