Empires & Rulers
Who was the worlds richest ruler of Mali who made a pilgrimage to Mecca?
Mansa Musa
What religion did the Delhi Sultanate primarily promote?
Islam
Who united the Mongol tribes and founded their empire?
Genghis Khan
What commodity was most valued in trans-Saharan trade?
Gold
What city became a center of learning under Mansa Musa’s rule?
Timbuktu
Who founded the Mughal Empire after invading from Afghanistan?
Babur
What religion used a caste system and clashed with Islamic rulers?
Hinduism
Who established the Yuan dynasty in China?
Kublai Khan
What was traded from Africa to Europeans at coastal ports?
slaves
What language developed from African and Arabic influences?
Swahili
What ruler expanded the Mughal Empire and promoted tolerance and reform?
Akbar
What building is a famous example of Mughal architecture?
Taj Mahal
What Mongol group invaded Eastern Europe and influenced Russia?
(Golden Horde led by Batu Khan
What forest kingdom became famous for its bronze and ivory artwork?
Benin
What was the European name for the Mongols who invaded from the East?
Tartars
What ruler reversed Akbar's tolerance and enforced strict Islamic policies?
Aurangzeb
What long-term division existed in India between religious groups?
Hindu-Muslim conflict
Who invaded Delhi, destroyed it, but failed to establish a lasting empire?
Tamerlane
hat contributed to the decline of the Songhai Empire?
Moroccan invasion with guns
Why was India often overrun by invaders during this period?
Religious division, lack of unity, weak kingdoms
Which African kingdom rose after Ghana but fell due to outside attacks?
Songhai
Why did the Mughal Empire face internal tensions between different religious groups, and how did rulers respond to this conflict?
The empire included large Hindu and Muslim populations. Early rulers like Akbar promoted religious tolerance and inclusion, but later rulers like Aurangzeb reversed this, enforcing strict Islamic laws and persecuting Hindus, which caused unrest and division.
What Indian kingdom successfully resisted a full Mongol conquest?
Delhi Sultanate
Explain how the trans-Saharan and Atlantic slave trades affected African kingdoms like Songhai, and what led to the decline of the Songhai Empire.
The growth of the slave trade disrupted African societies and shifted economic power toward coastal kingdoms. Songhai, once dominant in West Africa, declined after a Moroccan invasion that used firearms. The attack, combined with internal instability and competition over trade, weakened the empire permanently.
What values did the Ming dynasty emphasize for political and social order?
Justice, Power, Citizenship