Absolutism
Who said “I am the state”?
Louis XIV.
What prison was stormed on July 14, 1789?
The Bastille.
In what year did the Haitian Revolution begin?
1791
What invention planted seeds more efficiently?
The seed drill.
Where did it begin?
Britain/ England
What does “divine right of kings” mean?
The belief that a ruler’s power comes directly from God.
What group made up the Third Estate?
Commoners.
Who was its most famous leader?
Toussaint Louverture.
What farming method improved soil fertility?
Crop rotation.
Name two resources that fueled it.
Coal and iron.
Name one way absolute monarchs displayed wealth and power.
Building palaces like Versailles / hosting elaborate courts.
Who was executed in 1793, shocking Europe?
King Louis XVI.
What country ruled Haiti before independence?
france
What movement pushed small farmers off land?
The Enclosure Movement.
What is “urbanization”?
People moving from farms to cities.
Which document limited the power of English monarchs in 1689?
English Bill of Rights.
What was the radical phase marked by mass executions?
The Reign of Terror.
What made the Haitian Revolution unique?
It was the only successful slave revolt in history.
How did farming changes lead to population growth?
More food = fewer famines.
What problems came with industrial factory work?
Long hours, child labor, unsafe conditions.
Compare Absolutism and Enlightenment in one sentence.
Absolutism emphasized total control, while Enlightenment stressed natural rights and freedoms.
Did the Revolution achieve “liberty, equality, fraternity”? Explain briefly.
Partially—some rights were gained, but violence and instability limited success
Why did colonial powers fear the Haitian Revolution?
It inspired enslaved people elsewhere to resist.
How did the Agricultural Revolution set the stage for industrialization?
Freed workers for cities and created food surpluses.
Was the Industrial Revolution more harmful or beneficial? Give one reason.
Open-ended (students defend answer).