Macedonian Greeks
What is the name of the great city that Alexander the Great built in Egypt on the Nile Delta? This became a crossroads of trade and ideas in the Hellenistic world. 亚历山大大帝在埃及尼罗河三角洲建造的伟大城市叫什么名字？ 这座城市成为希腊化世界贸易和思想的交汇点。
Alexandria
What was the name of the first written law code in the Roman Republic? 罗马共和国第一部成文法典的名称是什么？
The Laws of the Twelve Tables 十二表法
What term is used to describe the period of 200 years of Roman peace? 用什么词来形容罗马 200 年的和平时期？
Pax Romana
What was the main language spoken in the Eastern Roman Empire?
东罗马帝国的主要语言是什么？
Greek
Roman emperor that legalised Christianity in the empire and moved the capital to Constantinople
使基督教在帝国合法化并迁都君士坦丁堡的罗马皇帝
Constantine I
What Roman engineering achievement carried clean water into cities and towns? 罗马工程学的哪项成就将清洁的水输送到了城市和城镇？
Aqueducts 引水渠
What was the new culture where the ideas of Greek philosophers, scientists, poets, and playwrights influenced people's thinking from Egypt to India called? 希腊哲学家、科学家、诗人和剧作家的思想影响了从埃及到印度的人们的思想，这种新文化被称为什么？
Hellenistic
In times of crisis, the Romans would appoint a _______________who had absolute power.
在危机时刻，罗马人会任命一个拥有绝对权力的 _______________。
dictator 独裁者
Who summarized all Greek medical knowledge?
谁总结了希腊所有的医学知识？
Galen (131-201 CE)
What is the collection of organized Roman laws that formed the basis of European laws.
什么是有组织的罗马法律汇编，它是欧洲法律的基础。
Justinian Code 查士丁尼法典
Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power
征服高卢后于公元前 45 年成为终身独裁者，公元前 44 年被元老院暗杀，因为他们害怕他的权力
Julius Caesar
A large part of Rome’s success was due to the importance Rome placed on building and maintaining the empire’s infrastructure. What are some of the Roman infrastructure we can still see today?
罗马的成功在很大程度上归功于罗马对帝国基础设施建设和维护的重视。我们今天还能看到哪些罗马基础设施？
Aqueducts, bridges, and roads 引水渠、桥梁和道路
Who is the powerful king of Macedonia and father to Alexander the Great? 谁是强大的马其顿国王和亚历山大大帝的父亲？
Philip II
What is the council of wealthy and powerful Romans that advised officials called?
为官员出谋划策的罗马权贵会议叫什么？
Roman Senate 罗马元老院
When did the Roman empire fall?罗马帝国何时灭亡？
5th Century CE 公元 5 世纪
Who split the Roman Empire into two halves, and why? 是谁将罗马帝国一分为二，为什么？
Emperor Diocletian had believed that dividing the empire for administrative purposes would strengthen the empire
戴克里先皇帝认为，出于行政管理的目的划分帝国可以加强帝国的实力
Byzantine emperor in the 6th century CE who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including a new legal code
公元 6 世纪的拜占庭皇帝，重新征服了之前由罗马统治的大部分领土，启动了一项雄心勃勃的建设计划，包括一部新的法典
Justinian I
After the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-136 BCE), the Jews were forced to migrate from Israel-Palestine. They were never again a large presence there until which century?
Bar Kokhba 起义（公元前 132-136 年）后，犹太人被迫迁离以色列-巴勒斯坦。直到哪个世纪，他们才再次大量出现在那里？
20th Century 二十世纪
What is a group of warriors who stood close together in a square called? 在广场上站成一排的战士叫什么？
Phalanx
What do you call 2 officials elected by the senators who serve for 1-year terms? 由参议员选举产生、任期 1 年的两名官员怎么称呼？
Consuls 领事
What are the reasons for the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
西罗马帝国灭亡的原因是什么？
What is Emperor Constantine's relationship to Christianity?
君士坦丁皇帝与基督教有什么关系？
• He legalised Christianity in the empire with the Edict of Milan 他通过《米兰敕令》使基督教在帝国合法化
• He is often considered the first Christian emperor; however, he only converted on his death bed. 他通常被认为是第一位基督教皇帝，但他在临终前才皈依了基督教。
• His mother was Christian and he fought under a Christian banner. 他的母亲是基督徒，他在基督教的旗帜下战斗。
He was Julius Caesar's nephew, and changed his name from Octavius to this when he became the first emperor of Rome.
他是朱利叶斯-凯撒的侄子，在成为罗马第一位皇帝后，将自己的名字从屋大维改为凯撒。
Augustus
What is one famous Roman author and what sort of thing did they write?
罗马有哪些著名作家，他们写过哪些作品？
• Virgil (70-19 BCE) - Aeneid, epic poem based on Homer’s Iliad
• Cicero (106-43 BCE) - Letters and orations (Called the “Father of Latin prose”)
What was Alexander the Great's greatest and lasting legacy? 亚历山大大帝最伟大、最持久的遗产是什么？
The blending of cultures (Hellenism) that lead to scientific, cultural, and philosophical advancement 文化的融合（希腊化）带来了科学、文化和哲学的进步
Fill in the blank.What was the result of the Punic Wars? ___________ became the leading power in the _____________ world.
填空。布匿战争的结果是什么？___________ 成为 _____________ 世界的主要强国。
Rome, Mediterranean 罗马，地中海
When Rome fell, who continued to preserve and transmit Greek texts and ideas?
罗马灭亡后，谁继续保存和传播希腊文字和思想？
Catholic Church 天主教会
When and Why did the Eastern Roman Empire Fall?
东罗马帝国何时以及为何灭亡？
1453 when the empire was conquered by the Ottoman Turks
1453 年，帝国被奥斯曼土耳其人征服
Roman emperor famous for blaming the burning of the city of Rome on Christians
因将焚毁罗马城的责任归咎于基督徒而闻名的罗马皇帝
Nero
How did the Byzantine empire help preserve Greek Culture?
拜占庭帝国如何帮助保护希腊文化？
They were the Greek speaking half of the empire, so they read and copied down great Greek works.他们是帝国中讲希腊语的半壁江山，因此他们阅读并抄录了伟大的希腊作品。
Constantinople wasn't burned as early as the city of Rome, so it preserved history longer. 君士坦丁堡不像罗马城那样很早就被烧毁，因此它保存历史的时间更长。