World History A
Treaty of Versailles
the peace treaty signed by Germany and the Allied powers after World War I
daimyo
a Japanese feudal lord who com- manded a private army of samurai.
mestizo
a person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry.
Atlantic slave trade
the buying, transporting, and sell- ing of Africans for work in the Americas.
joint-stock company
a business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits.
Dutch East India Company
A company founded by the Dutch in the early 17th century to establish and direct trade throughout Asia.
Tokugawa Shogunate
a dynasty of shoguns that ruled a uni- fied Japan from 1603 to 1867.
encomienda
a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it.
triangular trade
the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas.
mercantilism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought.
Ming Dynasty
a Chinese dynasty that ruled from 1368 to 1644.
kabuki
A type of Japanese drama in which music, dance, and mime are used to present stories.
Pilgrims
a group of people who, in 1620, founded the colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England.
middle passage
the voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indies, and later to North and South America, to be sold as slaves—so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade.
favorable balance of trade
an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad.
Manchus
people, native to Manchuria, who ruled China during the Qing Dynasty
colony
A land controlled by another nation
Puritans
a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the early 1600s.
Columbian Exchange
the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of the Americas.
divine right
the idea that monarchs are God’s representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God.
Qing [chihng] Dynasty
China’s last dynasty, which ruled from 1644 to 1912.
conquistadors
the Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th century.
French and Indian War
a conflict between Britain and France for control of territory in North America, lasting from 1754 to 1763.
capitalism
an economic system based on private owner- ship and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit.
Edict of Nantes
a 1598 declaration in which the French king Henry IV promised that Protestants could live in peace in France and could set up houses of worship in some French cities.