History & Geography
What is history, according to the definition used in class?
The reconstruction of the past
What is an object made or used by humans called?
An artifact
What happened to human settlements as farming increased?
They became more permanent.
Mesopotamia developed between what two rivers?
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
What river was central to the survival of Ancient Egypt?
Nile
What subject studies society and includes areas such as history, government, economics, geography, and anthropology?
Social Studies
What is the study of past societies through what people left behind?
Archaeology
What do we call the process of humans raising and controlling plants and animals for their use?
Domestication
What is a city-state?
An independent, self-governing state made up of a city and its surrounding countryside.
Which ruler united Upper and Lower Egypt?
King Menes (Namer)
What lines measure how far north or south a place is from the Equator?
Latitude
What is the difference between evidence and an inference?
Evidence is a fact or physical clue; an inference is a conclusion drawn from that evidence.
What is a food surplus?
Having more food than is immediately needed.
What was the Sumerian writing system called?
Cuneiform
During which Egyptian period were most of the pyramids built?
The old kingdom
What lines measure how far east or west a place is from the Prime Meridian?
Longitude
Name two characteristics of early hunter-gatherer groups.
Any two: followed food, lived in small groups, used stone tools, used fire, were nomadic.
Give two results of having a food surplus.
Any two: larger populations, more people to work the land, more free time for some people, specialized jobs, growth of the arts.
Who conquered the Sumerian city-states and created the world's first empire?
Sargon, Akkadians
What Egyptian writing system was first carved into stone and later written on papyrus?
Hieroglyphics
Why is it difficult or impossible to create a completely accurate history of an event?
Not everything is observed, remembered, recorded, or preserved, so historians never have every piece of information.
What major development separates the Paleolithic Age from the Neolithic Age?
Agriculture/Farming
A society has permanent villages, farming, domesticated animals, a food surplus, and specialized jobs. Is it Paleolithic or Neolithic?
Neolithic
Which Babylonian ruler created a famous written law code often associated with the idea of “an eye for an eye”?
Hammurabi
The Rosetta Stone contained the same message written in what three writing systems/languages?
Hieroglyphics, Demotic Script, and Ancient Greek