Renaissance intellectual movement that studied classical cultures to increase understanding of their own times.
What is humanism?
100
Wrote The Prince, describing how to rule in an age of ruthless power politics.
Who is Machiavelli?
100
Leading English language poet and playwright of the Renaissance.
Who is Shakespeare?
100
Idea that God had already decided who would gain salvation and enter heaven.
What is predestination?
100
Spanish knight who founded the Society of Jesus (Jesuits).
Who is Ignatius of Loyola?
200
Artist, scientist, and inventor bets known for the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper and sketches of inventions such as flying machines.
Who is Leonardo?
200
In 1455, he printed a complete Bible on a printing press with movable type.
Who is Gutenberg?
200
In the Roman Catholic Church, pardons for sins committed during a person's life. Sometimes, these were sold in churches.
What are indulgences?
200
King of England who caused England to break away from the Catholic church.
Who is Henry VIII?
200
Polish astronomer who proposed a heliocentric model of the universe.
Who is Copernicus?
300
Artist who created the sculpture of David and painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
Who is Michelangelo?
300
Everyday spoken language of the common people.
What is vernacular?
300
German monk who triggered the revolt against the Roman Catholic Church in 1517 by writing 95 complaints against the Catholic Church and tacking them to the doors of churches.
Who is Martin Luther?
300
Daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. AS queen, she tried to restore Catholicism in England.
Who is Mary Tudor?
300
Mathematician who plotted the orbits of planets.
Who is Kepler?
400
Painter who blended Christian and classical styles. His famous works include The School of Athens and his portrayals of the Madonna.
Who is Raphael?
400
Important religious scholar who called for the translation of the Bible into the vernacular.
Who is Erasmus?
400
Holy Roman Emperor who ordered Luther to recant (take back) his 95 complaints (theses).
Who is Charles V?
400
Daughter of Henry VIII. She was queen for 45 years and brought compromise between Catholics and Protestants.
Who is Elizabeth?
400
Scientist who proved that the Earth revolves around the sun.
Who is Galileo?
500
Wrote the Book of the Courtier describing the manners and qualities aristocratic men and women should display.
Who is Castiglione?
500
Idealistic or visionary, usually to describe a perfect society.
What is utopian?
500
Reformer who preached predestination and the living of a saintly life.
Who is John Calvin?
500
Appointed by the pope in 1545. For over 20 years, it advised about reforms to answer the Protestant challenge.
What is the Council of Trent?
500
He viewed the scientific goal as improving technology. This totally went against the Bible.