Byzantine Empire
What was a major contribution of the Byzantine civilization?
Helped to preserve Greek and Roman learning and passed it on to Western and Eastern Europe.
What was an effect of the collapse of the Roman Empire?
The growth of feudalism due to the collapse of a strong central government
What was the Umayyad dynasty known for?
Created a common coinage, established Arabic as the official language, standardized weights and measures
How did the Medici family contribute to the Italian Renaissance?
patron of the arts: sponsor artists. Medici family had lots of money.
What is a major difference between the Incan and Mayan cultures?
The Mayans developed a written language, but the Incans did not
This woman was married to Justinian. She is remembered for being one of the most powerful women in Byzantine history. She used her power and influence to promote religious and social policies, and helped with women's rights.
Theodora
What did the collapse of the Western Roman Empire lead to?
Christianity helped promote cultural unity in Europe; Catholic Church was the most powerful institution
Five pillars of Islam:
1. Belief in Allah as God and Muhammad as his prophet
2. Standard prayer five times a day
3. Ramadan; fasting
4. Give to the poor
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
How did the emphasis on individualism during the Renaissance lead to the Scientific Revolution?
question the church, question authority, seek answers through reason
Who were Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizzaro?
Explorers that destroyed the Aztec and Incan empires
What was a major cause of the Great Schism of 1054 CE?
use of icons; religious disagreements, political conflicts
What were effects of the Black Death?
Church is blamed; ends feudal system. 40-50% of Europe dies.
Achievements, contributions, and key figures associated with the Islamic Golden Age:
What was Nicholaus Copernicus known for?
What was the transatlantic slave trade?
transportation by slave traders of various enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas
Who were Ottoman Janissaries?
Elite infantry units that formed the Ottoman Sultan's household troops and bodyguards; used gunpowder weapons; first modern standing army in Europe
This man wrote about the blend of faith and reason.
Thomas Aquinas
What was the importance of the Muslim office of caliph?
shows how the government and religion in Islamic empire are intertwined
What were the contributions of Martin Luther?
Wrote 95 Theses; translated the Bible into the vernacular language, which reduced the power of the Catholic Church
The Glorious Revolution
Roman Empire vs. Western Europe
Roman Empire had a strong central government, Western Europe had feudalism
What is due process of law?
Fair treatment through judicial system
How did Mansa Musa help Mali?
he increased trade, taxed traders, and made the country rich
What was the Council of Trent?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: What were the Crusades?
After Pope Urban II gave his famous speech, a series of religious wars initiated