Scientific/Enlightenment
Which of the following best describes Copernicus' heliocentric theory?
Planets orbit the sun
Which of the following best describes a major goal of absolutist rulers like Louis XIV and Tsar Peter the Great?
→ Centralized absolute power
What two resources contributed to Great Britain’s natural resources contribute to its early industrialization?
→ Coal and iron resources
Which statement best explains Bismarck’s “Blood and Iron” strategy?
unification of Germany
Why did the system of alliances in Europe contribute to the outbreak of World War I?
→ Entangling alliances
What was Johannes Kepler’s major contribution to astronomy?
Discovery of elliptical planetary orbits
Which Enlightenment idea influenced the American and French Revolutions?
→ Natural rights and social contract
What role did steam power play in the Industrial Revolution?
→ Steam-powered industry and transport
What was the purpose of the Meiji Restoration in Japan?
modernization of Japan
What role did militarism play in escalating tensions before World War I?
→ Militaristic arms race
Which statement best describes Newton’s impact on scientific thought?
→ Laws of gravity and motion
Which revolution was directly inspired by the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?
Haitian Revolution
How did Germany’s government support industrialization?
→ Government investment in research and development
Why did European nations seek to colonize Africa in the late 19th century?
→ Africa’s valuable natural resources
Why was trench warfare a defining feature of World War I?
stalemate
According to John Locke, what is the primary role of government?
→ Protection of natural rights
What was one result of the Latin American revolutions (1808–1825)?
→ New independent Latin American nations
What economic changes occurred as a result of industrialization?
→ Factory growth and urbanization
What was a major effect of the Berlin Conference on the African continent?
→ European split up of Africa
What impact did new weapons like machine guns and poison gas have on World War I?
Deadlier industrial weapons
Which Enlightenment thinker was known for advocating freedom of speech and religion?
Voltaire
What role did geography play in Napoleon’s defeat?
Devastating Russian winter
What were Adam Smith’s main arguments in favor of a free-market economy?
→ Free-market competition and self-interest
What did the Treaty of Nanjing require China to do after the Opium Wars?
Britain gains Hong Kong and trade rights
What was one of the main purposes of the Treaty of Versailles?
Punishing Germany to prevent future wars