European Exploration 1400s-1600s
This Italian explorer is credited with “discovering” the Americas in 1492 while sailing for Spain.
Christopher Columbus
This is the name of the famous admiral who led Chinese voyages of exploration from 1405 to 1433.
Zheng He
This was the main reason the Portuguese sought to enslave Africans over other groups of people, such as Indigenous Americans
Africans were immune to the same diseases as Europeans
This French king is known as the “Sun King” and exemplified absolute monarchy.
King Louis XIV (14th)
A system of making and trading things of value; the system by which the wealth of a country or region is made and used.
Economy
He was the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa to reach India.
Vasco da Gama
This dynasty restricted foreign trade and contact with outsiders, contributing to Chinese isolation.
Ming Dynasty (and later Qing Dynasty)
African kings sold captives into slavery in exchange for this European product
Firearms
This English philosopher believed people have natural rights to life, liberty, and property.
John Locke
The group of people ordained as religious officials, including priests, ministers, bishops, cardinals, and others.
Clergy
These were Europeans' two primary motivations for engaging in long-distance maritime voyages.
Find new sources of wealth (get rich) and spread Christianity
This was a major reason China's government decided to restrict foreign trade:
Protect Chinese culture from foreign influence / Valuing farming over trade (Confucian values)
Diseases such as smallpox, dysentery, and measles spread rapidly on the Middle Passage for this reason:
Overcrowding / poor sanitation
This French philosopher was sent to prison for making jokes about the king-regent, an experience that influenced his belief in the importance of free speech.
Voltaire
Engaging in dishonest or illegal behavior, especially by using a position of power for personal gain.
Corrupt / corruption
This Spanish conquistador led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire.
Hernan Cortes
This group of people most directly influenced Japan's decision to implement a Closed Door Policy in the 1630s:
Christian missionaries (from Portugal)
During the Middle Passage, enslaved Africans were often flogged for refusing to eat. Flogging means:
Whipping
This prison was stormed by revolutionaries on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the start of the French Revolution.
The Bastille in Paris
A national policy of avoiding political and economic entanglements with other countries, especially through restricting trade and/or refusing alliances.
Isolationism
The most feared and respected Aztec fighters were called this:
Jaguar knights / Jaguar warriors
During the 200-year Sakoku period, Japan allowed limited trade with this European country through the port of Nagasaki.
Netherlands (the Dutch)
This is why slave traders wanted to prevent enslaved Africans from jumping overboard during the Middle Passage:
Slave traders would receive compensation from insurance companies if enslaved Africans died on the ship, but not if they died by jumping overboard (committing suicide)
These three groups made up the Third Estate and led the French Revolution:
1. Bourgeoisie 2. Urban poor 3. Rural peasants
A political theory that suggests individuals agree to give up some freedoms in exchange for the protection and benefits of living in an organized society under the control of a government.
social contract