Christian Humanism
This movement developed when Italian Renaissance humanism spread to northern Europe.
What is Christian Humanism?
This monk was especially offensive to Luther for selling indulgences to raise money for St. Peter’s Basilica.
Who is Johann Tetzel?
By allowing German states to choose their religion, this officially ended Christian unity in Europe.
What is the Peace of Augsburg?
According to Church practices, owning this item could supposedly release a person from punishment for sin.
What is a relic?
He led the German Reformation and posted the 95 Theses.
Who is Martin Luther?
Christian humanists believed people could improve themselves by using this ability.
What is reason?
On October 31, 1517, Luther posted this document on the Castle Church door in Wittenberg.
What are the 95 Theses?
This Swiss priest was killed in 1531 after Protestant and Catholic forces clashed in Zurich.
Who is Ulrich Zwingli?
Luther was upset because this practice claimed to free souls from purgatory in exchange for money.
What are indulgences?
This prince protected Martin Luther by sending him into hiding after he was declared an outlaw.
Who is Frederick III of Saxony?
He was the best-known Christian humanist who wanted Christianity to guide daily life.
Who is Desiderius Erasmus?
Luther kept only these two sacraments, rejecting the rest as corrupt.
What are baptism and the Eucharist (Communion)?
This French-born reformer led Protestantism in Switzerland after Zwingli’s death and wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion.
Who is John Calvin?
Many Church leaders were accused of using their positions to gain this instead of fulfilling spiritual duties.
What are wealth and career advancement?
He succeeded Zwingli as the leader of Protestantism in Switzerland.
Who is John Calvin?
Erasmus believed these medieval religious practices were not very important.
What are pilgrimages, fasts, and relics
Luther was excommunicated and later summoned to appear before this legislative assembly of the Holy Roman Empire.
What is the Diet of Worms?
This act of 1534 declared King Henry VIII the “only supreme head on earth” of the Church of England.
What is the Act of Supremacy?
Erasmus wanted the Church to return to the simpler days of this period of Christianity.
What is early Christianity?
The English Reformation began under this king, who wanted a divorce from Catherine of Aragon.
Who is Henry VIII?
Many people sought meaningful religious expression because some Church leaders were focused on this instead.
What are careers and wealth?
This prince of Saxony protected Luther by sending him into hiding after he was declared an outlaw.
Who is Frederick III?
This religious group believed the true church should be a voluntary community of adult believers and were persecuted for their political beliefs.
Who are the Anabaptists?
Medieval forms of religion like pilgrimages, fasts, and relics were considered this by Erasmus.
What are external forms of religion / less important practices?
She came to power after Edward VI and persecuted Protestants, earning a notorious nickname.
Who is Mary I (“Bloody Mary”)?