The Renaissance
This word means “rebirth” and describes the renewed interest in art, learning, and classical ideas.
What is the Renaissance?
These empires used cannons, muskets, and other firearms to expand and control territory.
What are gunpowder empires?
This term means power is concentrated in one main government or ruler.
What is centralization?
This period changed the way people studied nature, using observation, experiments, and reason.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
This was the title used by Russian emperors.
What is czar or tsar?
This country is where the Renaissance began, especially in cities like Florence and Venice.
What is Italy?
This empire was based in present-day Turkey and captured Constantinople in 1453.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
This French king is known as the “Sun King” and said, “I am the state.”
Who is Louis XIV?
This scientist argued that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Who is Nicolaus Copernicus?
This group of peasants was legally tied to the land before being freed in 1861.
Who were the serfs?
This Renaissance artist painted the Mona Lisa and studied science, anatomy, and engineering.
Who is Leonardo da Vinci?
This Muslim empire ruled much of India and built the Taj Mahal.
What is the Mughal Empire?
This palace became a symbol of Louis XIV’s wealth, power, and control over the nobles.
What is Versailles?
This Italian scientist improved the telescope and supported heliocentrism.
Who is Galileo Galilei?
This czar freed the serfs in 1861.
Who was Alexander II?
This idea focused on human potential, education, and studying classical Greek and Roman texts.
What is humanism?
This empire in Persia often fought the Ottomans and followed Shia Islam.
What is the Safavid Empire?
This type of monarchy gives the king or queen nearly total power.
What is absolute monarchy?
This English scientist developed the laws of motion and gravity.
Who is Isaac Newton?
This policy tried to make non-Russian peoples adopt Russian language and culture.
What is Russification?
This invention helped spread Renaissance ideas more quickly through books and pamphlets.
What is the printing press?
Gunpowder empires often controlled large areas by using strong armies and this type of ruler with great power.
What is an absolute ruler or emperor?
European rulers often reduced the power of this group of wealthy landowners to strengthen royal authority.
Who are the nobles?
This method uses observation, hypothesis, experimentation, and conclusions.
What is the scientific method?
Russia’s slow industrialization and harsh autocratic rule helped lead to unrest among these groups.
Who are workers, peasants, and reformers?