Independence & Reform
Who was the main individual responsible for the revolution in Haiti?
Toussaint L'Ouverture, a free black general. L'Ouverture helped to rid Haiti of both British and Spanish influence. He then set about firmly establishing his own power.
The textile industry primarily deals with the manufacture of what?
Usually the making of clothing from various types of fabric, like wool and cotton
What does capitalism teach about the role of the government in the economy?
Capitalists believe that the government should intervene as little as possible and leave the economy alone.
Define imperialism.
The system under which nations take over other countries either by conquering them or by gaining control over their political and economic systems.
The term "Risorgimento" literally refers to what?
A resurrection of a reunited Italy
How was the social structure in Latin American countries affected by the various rebellions and revolutions?
It was not really affected.
In general, the Latin American revolutions were led by wealthy creoles. They did not want to be under the thumb of the European powers. In some cases, they enlisted the aid of the lower classes with promises of a new, more egalitarian social order. And to be fair, many of the Latin American countries outlawed slavery sometime in the 19th century. But beyond that, there was no change to the social structure. So unrest was always bubbling just beneath the surface.
Who invented the cotton gin?
American entrepreneur, Eli Whitney
According to socialist theory, what does the government control in the economy?
The means of production
What's the difference between old imperialism and new imperialism?
In the old, European nations colonized the Americas, the coast of Africa, and the coast of Asia. In the new, European nations focused on building empires with new technological advancements and developments. They expanded their territories through conquest and exploited the native populations for natural resources.
Count Camillo Cavour drove what empire out of Italy?
Austria-Hungary
The revolutions in which two countries/regions helped to start the revolutions in Latin America?
The United States & France
How did the Industrial Revolution make its way to the United States?
This involved a British industrialist named Samuel Slater (1768-1835). Slater is sometimes called the "Father of the American Industrial Revolution." By the age of twenty-one, he had become thoroughly familiar with textile technology and the British factory system. Having memorized numerous designs, he departed for the newly independent United States. The following year, he formed a partnership with the Rhode Island industrialist Moses Brown. By the time Slater died, he had built a virtual empire of textile mills and designed whole towns and tenant farms around the factories. By the early 1800s, industrialization was well underway in the United States.
Fill in the blank.
Adam Smith is associated with ____, Robert Owen is associated with _____, and Karl Marx is associated with _____.
Capitalism, socialism, communism
When entering Africa and Asia, what idea did European powers enter with?
With the idea that they were bringing civilization to an area without it. This idea assumed that European civilization was the only true form of civilization. Therefore, when colonized groups refused to act "European," they were demonstrating how uncivilized they were. Colonizers were in turn compelled to try to "civilize" them. This cycle perpetuated imperialism.
What foreign leader helped to kickstart the process of uniting the German states?
What was the main difference between creoles and peninsulares before the Latin American Revolutions?
The peninsulares were born in Spain or Portugal, and the creoles were not.
The peninsulares were Europeans who had been born in Europe (Spain and Portugal make up the Iberian Peninsula, which is where the word comes from). They completely controlled the governments of the colonies.
Creoles were Europeans who had been born in the colonies and who owned most of the land, but they had no say in the government. They were second-class citizens, but at least they were citizens.
How did industrialization affect the common people?
It provided more work opportunities, but did not necessarily improve the quality of life. Working in factories often meant long hours, low wages, repetitive tasks, dangerous working conditions, and harsh living conditions as well - especially for women and children.
What do communists believe about national borders, religions, social groups, and even private property?
They believe these things divide people and get in the way of achieving a harmonious global community, which is why they want the government to own absolutely everything.
What were European powers interested in when it came to China?
Mainly its vast natural resources. European powers desired the silk, tea, and porcelain that China possessed, along with other resources.
What issue did the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 address?
African colonization
What led to people rejecting the legitimacy of oppressive rule from European monarchies?
Ideas of the Enlightenment
What are some examples of American cities which grew primarily out of the factory system?
Pittsburgh, PA; Buffalo, NY.; and Richmond, VA
In socialism, what is the role of the government in the economy?
To prevent the exploitation of the disadvantaged
Do colonialism or imperialism still exist in the same way as they did about a hundred years ago or more?
Definitely not in the same way - no European power maintains colonies the way they once did. However, the legacy of imperialism has continued to cause social and political problems.
What nation led the way in abolishing the slave trade?
The United Kingdom