Category 1
Who was Augustine
A missionary sent by Pope Gregory I to convert the Anglo-Saxons in England.
What were the three vows taken by monks and nuns under Benedictine Rule?
Obedience, poverty, and chastity.
What was the main reason Jewish people were banned from many professions and from owning land?
Growing anti-semitism, or prejudice against them.
Why did some Jews turn to becoming moneylenders?
Because the Church barred Christians from the practice of usury.
What was a key difference in leadership between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church after the Great Schism?
The Roman Catholic Church had one leader, the Pope, while the Eastern Orthodox Church had multiple leaders.
What was the role of the parish priest in the everyday life of a medieval village?
They administered sacraments, taught Church teachings, and collected the tithe.
How did monasteries and convents contribute to medieval life outside of spiritual pursuits?
They provided social services like hospitals and schools and preserved ancient writings.
What was the primary goal of friars like the Franciscans and Dominicans?
To preach to the poor and teach people about official Christian doctrines.
What was a major difference between the Byzantine Christians and the Roman Catholics regarding Church leadership?
The Byzantine emperor controlled Church affairs, while the Roman Catholics were led by the pope.
what was the primary source of the Church's enormous influence over secular affairs?
Its control of spiritual life and its claim of papal supremacy.
what was a tithe?
A tax that had to be paid to the Church each year.
What was the most feared penalty issued by the Church, and what did it entail?
Excommunication, which meant being cut off from the Church and its sacraments.
What was the reform movement started by Abbot Berno at the monastery of Cluny?
He enforced the Benedictine Rule and refused outside interference from nobles and bishops.
What was the controversy over icons that contributed to the split between the Eastern and Western Churches?
A Byzantine emperor banned the veneration of holy images, causing conflict with those who used them for prayer.
What was the practice of simony, and what was its impact?
The selling of Church offices, giving spiritual authority to those interested in monetary gain.
What was the primary role of a cathedra
A social center and a source of civic pride managed by bishops.
What does the term 'secular' refer to in the context of the Middle Ages
Matters that are non-religious or worldly.
Which of the following was a criticism of the Church during the Middle Ages?
A. The Church's refusal to perform sacraments for the people.
B. The lack of cathedrals being built in major cities.
C. The Church had too much discipline and not enough wealth.
D. The sale of indulgences and simony.
D. The sale of indulgences and simony.
In what year did the Great Schism, or permanent split between Eastern and Western Christianity, occur?
1054 A.D.
How did the Church's growing power and wealth affect its internal discipline?
Discipline weakened, with clergy members becoming more worldly and ignoring their vows.
How did the Church view women in the Middle Ages
Women were viewed as equal before God but were seen as weak and in need of guidance from men on Earth.
Who was Hildegard of Bingen, and what did she do?
An abbess who composed religious music, wrote scholarly books, and was sought for her prophecies.
What was the purpose of the Truce of God
To stop feudal warfare by enforcing periods of peace on certain days.
What were Judeo-Christian ideas, and how did they influence later forms of government?
Teachings that emphasized the value of the individual and social responsibility, forming a basis for republican government.
What was the purpose of the reform movement led by Pope Gregory VII?
To extend the Cluniac reforms throughout the entire Church and end outside influence.