Renaissance 6
Great sculptor at beginning of 1400s; favorite Sculptor of Medici Family; First sculptor to give viewer a chance to look at the sculpture from every angle; He could work with marble, wood, and bronze
Who was Donatello?
discovered that the earth moves around the sun; Heliocentric theory
Who was Copernicus?
developed by Copernicus - places the Sun as the center of the universe, and the planets orbiting around it. The heliocentric model replaced Geocentricism
What is Heliocentrism?
A movement started by Martin Luther in 1517 that aimed to reform the Catholic Church
What was the Reformation?
King of England that broke England away from the Catholic Church so as to give himself the authority to divorce his wife
Who was Henry VIII?
leading figure of Italian high renaissance ; painter and architect; painted Madonna and Child (painted their expressions as gentle & calm)
Who was Raphael?
Danish astronomer who set up observatory to study heavenly bodies and accumulated much data on planetary movements
Who was Tyco?
Studied math and physics; developed the "Law of Gravity" - same force ruled motion of the planets and all matter on earth and in space
Who was Newton?
a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Church; wrote his "95 theses," or statements of belief attacking the church practices.
Who was Martin Luther?
Also known as the Anglican Church; primary Parliament made it the established church in England
What was the Church of England?
Renaissance artist and sculptor famous for his painting of Adam in the Sistine Chapel and his statue of David
Who was Michelangelo?
Italian scientist, first person to study sky with telescope, saw craters on moon, and discovered that moons orbited Jupiter; agreed with Copernicus
Who was Galileo?
Approached Scientific Method by wanting science to make life better for people
Who was Bacon?
best-known Christian humanist; believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives; thought that if people would read the classics (Bible, etc) they would become more religious
Who was Erasmus?
was the Roman Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation; a meeting of Roman Catholic leaders called by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrine criticized by Protestant reformers
What was the Council of Trent?
First Italian artist to use oil paints; painted religious matter in secular and humanized fashion; Renaissance inventor and artist who painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
Who was Da Vinci?
discovered that planets move in elliptical orbits
Who was Kepler?
emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding
Who was Descartes?
written by Martin Luther that condemned some practices of the Roman Catholic Church such as the selling of indulgences/Luther called for a reforming of the Church but his theses actually led to a divide between Christians
What were 95 Theses?
good deeds that do not guarantee salvation
What are good works?
A major change in European thought in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs
What was the Scientific Revolution?
describes the universe as a system which puts the Earth in the center of the universe, and describes other objects from the point of view of the Earth
What is Geocentricism?
wrote the Courtier -according to Castiglione the educated man of the upper class should have a broad background in many academic subjects
Who was Castiglione?
A pardon; selling of forgiveness by the Catholic Church; a common practice when the church needed to raise money; practice led to the Reformation
What were indulgences?
a body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reformer John Calvin; believed you should follow the authority of Scripture to know God, one's duties to God, and one's neighbor
What is Calvinism?