Middle Ages, Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution
Italian / was active as a painter, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor and architect
da Vinci
This person said, people are born with the natural rights of "life, liberty, and property."
John Locke
A fortress in Paris / It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France
Bastille
A way of thinking that says that some groups of humans, such as ethnic groups, should be free to rule themselves / Common beliefs, languages, and history
Nationalism
Archduke / heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary
Franz Ferdinand
Were written by Martin Luther in 1517 and are widely regarded as the primary means for the Protestant Reformation
95 Thesis
Formulated the theory of universal gravity
Isaac Newton
A general panic that took place between 22 July to 6 August 1789, at the start of the French Revolution
Great Fear
Belief or the desire of a government or a people that a state should maintain a strong military capability and to use it aggressively to expand national interests and/or values
Militarism
A formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting until peace can be negotiated
Armistice
German monk
Martin Luther
Concluded that the best form of government was one in which the legislative, executive, and judicial powers were separate and kept each other in check to prevent any branch from becoming too powerful
Montesquieu
Set by France's National Constituent Assembly in 1789, is a human civil rights document from the French Revolution
Declaration of the Rights of Man
The theory that human groups and races are subject to the same laws of natural selection / Allowed people to make other people feel inferior or not human
Social Darwinism
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
Central Powers
Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center
Copernicus
"The Father of Capitalism''
Adam Smith
Encouraged the execution, mostly by guillotine, of more than 17,000 enemies of the Revolution
Robespierre
German statesman who masterminded the unification of Germany in 1871 and served as its first chancellor until 1890
Otto von Bismarck
Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States
Allied Powers
Archbishop of Canterbury from 1162 until his murder in 1170
Thomas Becket
“allow to do,” as in: the government does not interfere in the marketplace
laissez-faire
The last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution
Louis XVI
An Italian general and patriot / He contributed to the Italian unification
Garibaldi
Peace treaties that brought World War I to an end
Treaty of Versailles