Terms 1
The “rebirth” of European learning and the arts
Renaissance
A policy that forced Russians to adopt European customs, dress, technology and government
Westernization
Accidentally ”discovered” the West Indies, thinking that he’d found a route to the East Indies
Christopher Columbus
English King who was executed for his crimes against parliament and the people of England
King Charles I
Founded St. Ignace and other French Settlements in Michigan
Fr. Jacques Marquette
A resistance to disease
Immunity
To travel completely around the world
circumnavigate
Created the Church of England when he wanted to divorce his wife
King Henry VIII
English philosopher who believed that people were naturally selfish and cruel
Thomas Hobbes
A massive fleet of Spanish war ships
Armada
Art style used to create a 3d painting on a flat canvas
Perspective
Paper sold by Catholic Church forgiving a sin
Indulgence
Made the first printing press with movable type in Europe
Johannes Gutenberg
Increased France’s power by entering Thirty Years’ War
Cardinal Richelieu
Russian nobles
Boyar
The belief that a monarch’s authority to rule comes directly from God
Divine Right
French Protestants
Huguenots
First said the sun was at the center of the universe
Nicolaus Copernicus
Succeeded in defeating the Fronde in France; increased royal authority
Cardinal Mazarin
A Spanish conqueror in the Americas
conquistador
The everyday languages of ordinary people
Vernacular
French royal representatives who took power from nobles
Intendants
Painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David
Michelangelo
Pope at the time of the Reformation who started selling indulgences
Pope Leo X
People who governed the Spanish colonies in the Americas
Viceroys