AGE OF EXPLORATION
Why did Europeans want to find a sea route to India?
Spices!!
DEFINE DIVINE RIGHT, ALSO CALLED DIVINE RIGHT OF KINGS
God gives you the power to rule, hard to argue.
What was the Enlightenment?
An intellectual and philosophical movement in the 17th and 18th centuries that emphasized reason, individualism, and skepticism of traditional authority, influencing many political revolutions.
What was the French Revolution?
Where the French people revolted against the absolute monarchy of King Louis XVI, leading to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic.
What was the third estate?
The commoners, peasants, laborers (97% of the population) who had little rights and also paid the majority of the taxes and bore the burden of financial strain.
Why didn’t Europeans just go to India by land?
Land was dangerous and expensive.
What is Absolutism?
Ruler/King has ABSOLUTE POWER to rule.
Describe individualism during the Enlightenment.
The belief that individuals should have the freedom to pursue their own interests, develop their own talents, and express their ideas without undue interference from the state or established institutions.
What was the primary cause of the French Revolution?
Economic hardship and inequality among the estates.
Why was it expensive for Europeans to travel by land?
Had to pay high taxes to the Ottoman Empire
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Exchange of goods between the Old World (Europe, Asia, and Africa) and the New World (Americas)
WHAT TYPE OF GOVERNMENT IS AN ABSOLUTE MONARCH AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
Monarchy = King and Queen, Royal family. ruler has total power over country.
What two events did the Enlightenment DIRECTLY influence?
The American and French Revolutions
Describe the Estate System in France.
Social class system in France. The clergy (First Estate) and nobility (Second Estate)—which were privileged minorities—and the Third Estate, which represented the majority of the people.
What is considered the symbolic start of the French Revolution?
The Storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, was a turning point that marked the revolution’s beginning.
What effect did the Columbian Exchange have on Europeans AND Native Americans?
Europe - New diet (foods, plants, and animals), healthier population
Natives - Millions die from introduction of diseases, horses introduced
EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GOOD AND BAD ABSOLUTE MONARCHS.
Good Absolute Monarch - Loved & respected by people, Wise advisors, takes good advice, Looks after needs of people, and Charismatic
Bad Absolute Monarch - Cares little for needs of the people, Disregards good advice / poor advisors, Ego driven
What was the relationship between the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions?
Both were influenced by Enlightenment ideas.
What happened to the king and queen of France during the revolution?
King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette were arrested, tried for treason, and executed by guillotine during the French Revolution.
What happened to King Louis XVI during the French Revolution?
Executed by guillotine.
What was the Triangular Trade and what was exchanged within this system?
System of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Stage 1: Manufactured goods to Africa (guns, cloth, rum) in exchange or slaves
Stage 2: Slaves shipped to Americas, sold for good produced on plantations
Stage 3: Merchants sent plantation products to Europe
HOW DID ABSOLUTISM INFLUENCE THE FRENCH REVOLUTION?
Monarch has all power = widespread resentment with 3rd estate due to heavy taxes, limited political representation, and a perception of unfair social hierarchy, leading to the desire for revolution.
What 4 MAIN ideas came from Enlightenment thinkers and what impact did they have?
John Locke: Natural rights (life, liberty, property).
Montesquieu: Separation of powers in government.
Voltaire: Freedom of speech and religion.
Rousseau: Social contract and popular sovereignty.
Put the following events in chronological order:
Execution of king Louis 16th, Tennis court oath, Napoleon seizes power, women's march, storming of Bastille.
Tennis court oath, women's march, storming of Bastille, Execution of king Louis 16th, Napoleon seizes power.
The first event of the French Revolution was...
Tennis Court Oath