Unit 1
A monetary payment to the Catholic Church in exchange for the forgiveness of sins
What are indulgences?
Nicolaus Copernicus first proposed this, which stated that the sun was at the center of the solar system.
What is the heliocentric theory?
He invented the world's first workable steam engine.
Who is James Watt?
An event which resulted in the division of the continent of Africa into various European colonies.
What is the Berlin Conference?
During this war, the British Empire used brutal scorched earth tactics to defeat the Dutch settlers living in South Africa.
What is the Boer War?
Enslaved West Africans traveled to the Americas on this voyage.
What is the Middle Passage?
Scientific approach that involves working from carefully controlled observations of natural phenomena toward larger truths .
What is inductive reasoning?
Individuals who used sabotage, or deliberate destruction, to protest the machines that replaced them in factories.
Who are the Luddites?
A legal practice in which foreigners are exempt from the local laws and practices of the country in which they are visiting.
What is extraterritoriality?
Built in Central America in 1914 with American investment to reduce shipping time and cost between New York and San Francisco.
What is the Panama Canal?
Pope Leo X’s indulgence sale caused this religious reformer to write the Ninety-Five Theses.
Who is Martin Luther?
Radical leader during the early years of the French Revolution, whose leadership contributed to France’s “Reign of Terror” and the execution of Louis XVI.
Who is Maximilien Robespierre?
An economic ideology arguing that the means of production should be privately owned, goods, services, and income should be distributed through markets, and the state should be separated from the economy.
What is capitalism?
Indian soldiers under British command who initiated the Indian Mutiny in 1857 when the East India Company distributed new rifles greased with pork fat.
Who are sepoys?
The period during which the modernization of Japan and its more open relationship with the West occurred.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
Meeting of officials in the Catholic Church in order to discuss and address the problems that had led to the Protestant Reformation.
What is the Council of Trent?
Joseph II of Austria, who granted religious toleration and freedom of the press, was an example of this.
What is an enlightened despot?
An ideology that applied the concepts of evolution by natural selection to human societies and proposed that differences in wealth and power could be explained by the superiority of some and the inferiority of others.
What is Social Darwinism?
During this war, Japan defeated China and acquired Korea as a colony.
What is the Sino-Japanese War?
An agreement that ended the Opium Wars and gave the British the right of extraterritoriality in China.
What is the Treaty of Nanjing?
A Protestant reformer in Europe during the Reformation who promoted the theological belief known as predestination, which argued that God has already predetermined which souls will and will not be saved.
Who is John Calvin?
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." The Enlightenment philosopher who most influenced this quote from the Declaration of Independence.
Who is John Locke?
"The weapons with which the bourgeoisie felled feudalism to the ground are now turned against the bourgeoisie itself. It has called into existence the men who are to wield these weapons, the modern working-class, the proletarians." The author of this quote...
Who is Karl Marx?
"The Pacific is becoming the center of the struggle in which we are called to compete with much stronger foes. _______ as an agricultural country cannot stand against Russia, Australia, Canada, or America. Hence, we must try other means for the struggle – that is, we must obtain raw materials from them and manufacture them for the Asiatic markets." (Identify the country that would fill in the blank.)
What is Japan?
Author of the novel, Heart of Darkness, which criticized European imperialism in Africa and Belgian atrocities in the Congo.
Who is Joseph Conrad?