Spain's Empire
What was the Peace of Augsburg?
Signed by German Princes allowing each to determine the religion of his own territory
What was the result of guilds domination Spanish business?
Spanish cloth and manufactured goods were more expensive so they began to heavily rely on imports.
What did Prince Henry do to stop the religious wars in France?
He gave up Protestantism and became Catholic
What was the greatest triumph of Cardinal Mazarin?
ending the 30 years war with the Hapsburgs
As a result of the tension, what did the Catholics and Lutherans do?
Organize the Protestant Lutheran Union and the Catholic League
Religiously speaking, what did Phillip II feel it was his duty to do?
Defend Catholicism against the Muslims of the Ottoman Empire
How did Spain finance its wars?
Borrow money from German and Italian bankers
What was the Edict of Nantes?
A declaration from Henry that stated Huguenots could live in peace in France and set up their own houses of worship in some cities.
started violent riots
What did Protestants do when their Catholic, Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand, decided to close some Protestant churches?
They revolted and several German Protestant princes took the change to challenge the Catholic emperor
What setback weakened Spain under the rule of Phillip II?
Phillip attempted to punish Elizabeth and the Protestants of England but the English defeated the Spanish fleet
Identify 2 differences between the Dutch and the Spanish that caused tension.
What is skepticism?
the idea that nothing can be known for certain
What three reasons caused the noble's rebellion to fail?
1. distrust among the leaders
2. violence from the government
3. the nobles became tired of fighting
What are the two phases of the 30 Years’ War?
Hapsburg Triumphs/Hapsburg defeats
What is inflation?
A decline in value of money accompanied by a rise in the prices of goods and services.
After 11 years of fighting, what happened in the Dutch provinces?
7 declared independence from Spain (the United Provinces of the Netherlands) 10 southern provinces (modern day Belgium) were Catholic and remained under Spanish control.
WHat form of literature did Montaigne develop?
The essay
Following Mazarin's death, how did Louis XIV weaken the power of the nobles?
What is identified as the primary reason Germany did not became a unified state until the 19th century?
Thirty Years’ War caused population decreased by 4 million and Germany’s economy ruined because the war disrupted agriculture and trade
What three factors contributed to the decline of Spain's economy?
How were the United Provinces of the Netherlands different than other European States of the time?
Practiced religion tolerations—it wasn’t a kingdom rather it was a republic where each province had an elected governor and hid power depended on the support of merchants and landholders.
What were Louis XIV's view on his connection with the state?
he WAS the state-- he had total power over every aspect of the state
What did Louis XIV do that slowed France's economic progress?
renounced the Edict of Nantes causing the Huguenots to flee France
What is the most important result of the Thirty Years’ War?
It abandoned Catholic rule and recognized Europe as a group of equal, independent states. Marked the beginning of the modern states system.