Ancient River Valley
This early civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates is known as the “Cradle of Civilization.”
Mesopotamia
A government ruled by a king or queen.
monarchy
This Greek city-state is known as the birthplace of democracy.
Athens
This Babylonian king created one of the first written law codes with the principle “an eye for an eye.”
Hammurabi
Followers of this religion believe Jesus is the Son of God and the savior of humanity.
Christianity
The Nile River provided fertile land for this civilization, where pharaohs ruled and pyramids were built.
Ancient Egypt
In this system, citizens vote directly for their leaders and laws.
democracy
Gladiator games and chariot races entertained the public in this famous Roman arena.
Colosseum
The earliest Roman laws were engraved on bronze tablets and displayed in the Forum.
Twelve Tables
Muslims follow the teachings of this prophet, recorded in the Quran.
Muhammad
This ancient civilization, located in present-day Pakistan and India, is famous for well-planned cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.
Indus Valley Civilization
A government controlled by religious leaders is called this.
theocracy
This Greek conqueror spread Hellenistic culture across three continents.
Alexander the Great
In Hebrew law, these religious commandments formed the foundation of moral and legal codes.
Ten Commandments
This religion, one of the oldest monotheistic faiths, is based on the covenant between God and Abraham.
Judaism
This Chinese river valley civilization grew along the Huang He, also called....
Yellow River
When a small group of wealthy or powerful people rule, it is known as this.
oligarchy
Rome’s system of government, before becoming an empire, was known as this.
Roman Republic
In Athens, this reformer is credited with introducing written laws to reduce blood feuds, though they were extremely harsh.
Draco
Siddhartha Gautama, also known as the Buddha, founded this religion based on the Four Noble Truths.
Buddhism
Writing systems such as cuneiform and hieroglyphics developed in these two river valley civilizations.
Mesopotamia and Egypt
This type of government has a single ruler with total power, often taken by force.
dictatorship (or autocracy)
This long war between Athens and Sparta weakened the Greek city-states and made them vulnerable to outside invasion.
Peloponnesian War
Roman law introduced the idea that all citizens are equal under the law, a principle later influencing this modern concept.
the rule of law (or equality before the law)
This polytheistic religion, with origins in India, believes in karma, dharma, and reincarnation.
Hinduism