Hunters to Farmers
During this early period, people survived mainly by hunting animals and gathering wild plants.
What is the Paleolithic Era?
A complex society with organized government, religion, cities, and specialized workers is called this.
What is a civilization?
Early civilizations settled near rivers primarily because rivers supplied water and this rich soil for farming.
What is fertile soil?
The name “Mesopotamia” means “land between” these geographic features.
What are rivers?
This form of government is ruled by a king or queen.
What is a monarchy?
This term describes people who move from place to place instead of living in permanent settlements.
What are nomads?
Farmers produced more food than they immediately needed, creating this important condition for civilization.
What is a food surplus?
Mesopotamia developed between these two rivers.
What are the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers?
The Sumerians created this wedge-shaped system of writing.
What is cuneiform?
In this form of government, political authority is based on religious leadership or religious law.
What is a theocracy?
This major change began when humans learned to grow crops and domesticate animals.
What is the Neolithic Revolution?
This is also known as 'GRAPES'.
What is Government, Religion, Agriculture, Public Services, Ecriture, and Social Structure?
Ancient Egyptian civilization developed along this river in northeastern Africa.
What is the Nile River?
This stepped temple served as the religious center of a Sumerian city.
What is a ziggurat?
Belief in many gods is known by this term.
What is polytheism?
Farming provided a reliable food supply, allowing people to establish these instead of constantly migrating.
What are permanent settlements?
Governments developed partly to organize irrigation, settle disputes, collect taxes, and perform this protective function.
What is defending the community?
Explain one way a river could both help and threaten an early civilization.
What is providing water and fertile soil while also causing destructive floods?
Hammurabi’s Code influenced later civilizations by advancing the idea that laws should be handled in this public and organized form.
What is a written code of law?
Egyptian pharaohs held both political and religious authority, making their government an example of this system.
What is a theocracy?
Identify one important way the development of farming changed the division of labor.
What is job specialization?
Writing was especially valuable to early governments because it allowed officials to keep these kinds of records.
What are tax, trade, legal, or government records?
Early Chinese civilization developed primarily along this river, also called the Yellow River.
What is the Huang He?
This Babylonian ruler created one of history’s earliest written collections of laws.
Who was Hammurabi?
Ancient Chinese rulers claimed this divine approval as justification for their right to govern.
What is the Mandate of Heaven?