Section 1
_____________________ is the process of transforming a nation’s economy from agriculture to manufacturing.
Industrialization
_____________________ is city-building and the movement of people to cities.
Urbanization
Industrial development in the U.S. began in the __________ industry.
Textile
_____________ means to improve for the better and make changes.
Reform
_______________ is the study of the use of resources and the production of goods/services.
Economics
___________________ invented the spinning mule.
Samuel Crompton
The ____________________ emerged during this time period. They enjoyed a comfortable standard of living.
Middle Class
Why did women leave their rural homes to go work in factories during this time? (2 reasons)
Higher wages and independence.
______________ are an association formed by people with common interests and purposes.
Union
___________________ is a system where people own and run companies, not the government.
Capitalism
___________________ invented the cotton gin.
Eli Whitney
Cities grew way too fast during the beginning of the Industrial Revolution. Explain two things that this led to.
Incomplete housing, education, and police protection.
Overcrowding, diseases spread.
Industrialization gave Europe a lot of ______________ power.
Economic
The refusal to work is a ______________.
Strike
___________________ is when the factors of production are owned by the government and operates for the welfare of all. They believe that government control over factories, mines, railroads, and industries would end poverty and promote equality.
Socialism
What are the three factors of production?
Land
Labor
Capital
Name two positive effects of the Industrial Revolution.
Created jobs.
Many new inventions.
Raised the standard of living.
Better housing.
Expanded educational opportunities.
________________ developed during the Industrial Revolution. This occurs when a rich/powerful country controls other countries; a desire for control over other countries.
Imperialism
________________ is an economic policy that allows owners of an industry and businesses to set working conditions without interference. They believed that this would allow the economy to grow.
Laissez-faire
What was the goal of unions and strikes during industrialization?
To get wages raised and improve working conditions.
The Industrial Revolution began in England because the land was highly ____________, and it had many natural _____________.
Populated
Resources
What were the working conditions like for workers during the Industrial Revolution?
Machines injured workers.
Frequent accidents.
Long hours.
Unsafe environment.
Low pay
Explain why Spain OR Austria-Hungary did not industrialize during the industrial revolution era?
Spain: They didn't have good roads or waterways for canals.
Austria-Hungary: Too many mountains and the railroads could not make it through.
__________________ is when all means of production are owned by the government. All goods and services are shared equally.
Communism