Absolutism
What belief was King Louis XIV of France promoting when he proclaimed "I am the state!"?
What prevented the monarchs of England from ever successfully establishing an absolutist system of government?
Parliament
In general, what was the biggest challenge for scientists such as Galileo and Newton?
Reconciling their religious beliefs with their scientific findings (Convincing the Church)
What are natural rights?
Rights that belong to all people at birth.
What is censorship?
Control of the spread of information or the press
What does it mean to be an "absolute" monarch?
The king has complete, unquestioned authority over the government
What happened to King Charles I after he failed in his efforts to establish absolute monarchy in England?
He was beheaded
Isaac Newton discovered which the following theories regarding how to measure motion in the universe?
Gravity
Enlightenment thinkers were primarily interested in
changing the relationship between people and their government.
What was Hobbes' theory of human nature?
Why did Charles V draft the Edict of Worms
To silence Martin Luther and maintain power
What was the objective of the Gunpowder Treason?
To kill England's King James I and replace him with a Catholic monarch
Why was Galileo put in house arrest after his advancements in astronomy?
The Church did not like that his ideas questioned the current beliefs on astronomy.
The willingness of people to hand over their rights to a ruler in exchange for law and order in society is called what?
Social Contract
Explain the Glorious Revolution
The bloodless removal of the unpopular King James II of England and expansion of Parliamentary power under his replacements, William & Mary
Louis XIV nearly bankrupted France with his heavy spending on unsuccessful wars and the construction and maintenance of the palace at Versailles. What was the purpose of Versailles?
It allowed the king to house the nobility of France, keeping them nearby and under his control
Why is the signing of the English Bill of Rights by William & Mary seen as a pivotal moment in British history?
It established a Constitutional Monarchy
Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo all contributed to what scientific theory, one which challenged Biblical standards and upset many Christian churches?
Heliocentrism, or the theory that the earth is in orbit around a stationary sun
The idea that man is born equal with natural rights and that it’s the government’s job to protect those rights are prominent in the Declaration of Independence. That document was based MOST on the ideas of
John Locke
Which of the following traits did the “Enlightened Despots” have in common?
Religious tolerance
What was the long term impact of the failure of the Spanish Armada for Spain?
Decline in economy and power
Between 1642 and 1649, England was engaged in a Civil War fought between "Cavaliers" and "Roundheads." Whom did each of these factions support?
Cavaliers - King Charles
Roundheads - Parliament
Who was Bahe's assistant?
Why is the Enlightenment considered a turning point in world history?
Europeans changed their thinking about the role of government.
What was accomplished by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648?
The Thirty Years War was ended, shattering The Holy Roman Empire into hundreds of small states