The Enlightenment
Enlightenment thinker credited with the idea of tabula rasa: that everyone is born with their mind a "blank slate"
John Locke
As a percentage, how much of the total tax revenue of France came from the third estate (+/- 5%)
Name of the battle in which Napoleon was defeated for the final time
Waterloo
Who were the two primary belligerents in the Crimean War, and what was the result?
Russia and the Ottomans
The Ottomans won (with the help of Britain and France)
What demographic changes happened as a result of the industrial revolutions
Increase in urban populations
Breakdown of feudal relationships (lord and peasant)
More wage workers
Enlightenment thinker credited with the phrase cogito, ergo sum: I think, therefore I am
Rene Descartes
What did the European nations threaten to do to France following the establishment of the limited monarchy in 1791?
Go to war
Reason for Napoleon's inability to successfully invade Russia
Large numbers of troops lost to harsh weather conditions and disease
Large territory made it difficult to maintain supply lines
Russian army refused to engage in any large scale battles
Name one of the two "-isms" that were the driving forces of the revolutions of 1848?
Nationalism and Liberalism
Name of three of the four artistic movements that followed realism
Impressionism
Post-Impressionism
Cubism
Expressionism/Abstract
Enlightenment philosopher credited with the classification of government systems and the idea of checks and balances
Montesquieu
Name of the organization that ruled in France during the Reign of Terror and executed thousands of dissidents
Committee for Public Safety
What was the goal of the Continental System?
To prevent Great Britain from trading with France's allies in continental Europe
What Balkan territory was annexed by Austria-Hungary in 1908
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Which scientist of the 1800s proposed the germ theory of disease (and discovered a process for making milk safer to drink—sorry Ami Gitler)?
Louis Pasteur
With a few exceptions, "enlightened absolutist" monarchs usually did what during their reigns?
Passed some liberal reforms (such as a more free press, improved conditions for peasants, elimination of torture and other cruel punishments) but did not drastically alter society
Name of the governing body that ruled France between the Reign of Terror and the Consulate, best known for ineffectual corruption
The Directory
Napoleon's victory at Austerlitz led to the dissolution of what political entity?
The Holy Roman Empire
What were the key differences in government systems between Western and Central/Eastern Europe
Western Europe tended towards more liberal/democratic government forms
Central and Eastern Europe tended towards more autocratic government forms
What was the most notable achievement of Robert Fulton
An example of checks and balances in the United States Constitution
The president can veto acts of congress
The president can nominate judges
The judiciary can declare acts of the president or congress illegal or unconstitutional
Congress has to approve presidential appointments (including judges)
How did the Reign of Terror end?
With the execution of Maximilien Robespierre
Name one way that the Napoleonic code preserved the ideals of the revolution
Equality of all citizens before the law
Religious tolerance
Abolition of feudal relationships (lord and peasant)
Right to choose a profession
What was the primary goal of Austria's minister Klemens von Metternich in the Congress of Vienna
To maintain the balance of power in Europe and to prevent revolutionary governments from toppling monarchies
What was the goal of communism according to Karl Marx?
Worker ownership of productive property ("means of production")