500
This country, created in 1156, was a minor duchy in the Holy Roman Empire. Its ruling dynasty, [guess this for double points], quickly married itself into many different countries, stretching all the way to the Spanish Empire. Its first great success was during an invasion by the Ottomans, where this country more than tripled its size. It was one of the three nations that partitioned Poland, and its monarchs held the title of Holy Roman Emperor from 1452 to the fall of the HRE in 1806. In 1867, the Empire was forced into a compromise, creating a dual monarchy which would last until it was dissolved in the 20th Century. However, this nation was known for its fantastic military, high population, ethnic diversity, and widely influential dynasty.
What is Austria?