Early Chinese Literary Culture
This technology allowed China to expand literacy and reading culture as early as the 11th century.
What is large-scale woodblock printing?
During the Chosŏn Dynasty, elite writing in Korea was primarily conducted in this language.
What is Classical Chinese?
This four-class social structure existed in Tokugawa Japan.
What are samurai, farmers, artisans, and merchants?
The Enlightenment emphasized progress through this human ability.
What is reason?
Enlightenment thinkers encouraged people to question these claims and institutions.
What are faith-based claims and institutions?
Printing technology in China developed this many centuries earlier than in Europe.
What is several centuries earlier (around the 11th century)?
This alphabet was created in Korea during the 15th century.
What is Hangul?
Urban print culture expanded in Tokugawa Japan largely because of this printing technology and mass readership.
What is woodblock printing?
The Enlightenment is commonly called this “Age.”
What is the Age of Reason?
Enlightenment ideas helped inspire these two major revolutions.
What are the American and French Revolutions?
Vernacular literature in China expanded significantly during this century.
What is the 14th century?
This event (1592–1598) triggered an outpouring of literature by Korean women.
What is the Japanese invasion of Korea?
This theatrical form became popular entertainment in Japan during the 17th century.
What is Kabuki theater?
This intellectual debate questioned whether new ideas were superior to inherited traditions.
What is the debate between the Ancients and the Moderns?
Women contributed to Enlightenment intellectual life through these gatherings and literary culture.
What are intellectual salons?
This intellectual movement emphasized historical and philological study of texts.
What is evidential learning?
These Korean lyrics are known for a flexible form similar to blank verse or prose poetry.
What are kasa lyrics?
This form of poetry focuses on everyday language and observations.
What is haikai or haiku?
Supporters of the “Ancients” believed in valuing this.
What is tradition and established authority?
Enlightenment thinkers often described the universe as being governed by these.
What are laws of nature?
A key literary development across early modern East Asia was the expansion of these two things.
What are readership and vernacular literature?
Korean women during crises often contributed to literature in this way.
What is writing poetry and literary works about wartime experiences with themes of marriage, grief, and domestic life
Tokugawa literature expanded partly because growing cities created this new audience.
What is an urban reading public?
Enlightenment thinkers defined this as logical thinking and evidence-based judgment.
What is reason?
Deism proposed that God created the universe but does not do this regularly.
What is interfere in daily human affairs?