Surface Anatomy
What structures form the posterior triangle?
SCM, clavicle, upper trap
Name of vertebrae C1 & C2
Atlas - C1, Axis - C2
AP open mouth (APOM) View
What is CMT and what is the prognosis? (Congenital muscular torticollis)
Birth defect resulting in a twisting of the neck due to a shortened SCM muscle, unilateral. Prognosis is very good, up to 98% of infants achieve normal ROM within 6-8 weeks of PT
what are the 3 large branches that emerge from the aortic arch?
Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian
SCM, Mandible and midline of neck
"Keystone of the neck"
Hyoid bone
What are the ABC's of cervical radiography?
Alignment, Bones, Cortex
Name the Infrahyoid & suprahyoid muscles
Infra: Sternohyoid, Sternothyroid, Omohyoid and thyrohyoid
Supra: Mylohyoid, stylohyoid, glenohyoid, digastric
what are the 2 branches of the Common Carotid Artery and what do they Supply?
Internal carotid: Supplies brain, has no branches
External carotid: supplies external skull and neck. has 8 branches (we only need to know 4)
location of Cricoid cartilage (between what)
Thyroid cartilage and Trachea
which spinous process of the cervical vertebrae are Bifid and more difficult to palpate?
C3-5
Names the 3 cervical lines for later view radiography
Anterior vertebral
Posterior vertebral
Spino-laminar
Innervation for the Digastric muscle
Posterior belly: CN-7
Anterior belly: CN-5
Superior thyroid artery
Facial artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
"Adam's Apple"
laryngeal prominence
Name the structures of the Hyoid bone
Greater horn (Cornu), Lesser horn, Body
Visually following the cortex of each bone allows you to inspect for what?
Potential fracture
Innervation of Geniohyoid & Mylohyoid?
Geniohyoid - CN 12
Mylohyoid - CN 5
Carotid body - chemoreceptor (OS, CO2 & pH)
Carotid sinus - baroreceptor (blood pressure)
Location/path of External jugular vein
Descends superficial to SCM
Name the Landmarks of C1 & C2
C1- Anterior/posterior arch, Posterior tubercle, Lateral masses, Transverse process
C2- Dens (Odontoid process), Body, Spinous process, Transverse process
What are the 5 Criteria for NEXUS?
1. No posterior midline cervical spine tenderness
2. no evidence of intoxication
3. a normal level of alertness
4. no focal neurological deficit
5.no painful distracting injuries
Anterior, middle and posterior Scalene
- attachments are: anterior/middle attach to 1st rib and posterior scalene attaches to 2nd rib
- function: Accessory respiratory muscles, they help elevate the upper ribs during extreme exertion or inspiration
Where does the Vertebral artery originate from and where does it enter through the skull?
Originates Subclavian artery, travels through foramen magnum