Venous circulation
What is Jugular venous distension a sign of?
Heart failure
Lymph on the left side of the neck drains into what?
Thoracic duct
Which vertabrae does the cervical plexus originate from? what about brachial plexus?
C1-C4 - cervical
C5-T1 - brachial
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
SCM, Posterior digastric, Superior omyhyoid
What the 4 Deep cervical fascia layers?
Investing Fascia
Pretracheal fascia
Prevertebral fascia
carotid sheaths
What are the 4 major veins of the neck?
Brachiocephalic vein
Internal Jugular vein (IJV)
External Jugular vein (EJV)
Vertebral vein
Lymph on the right side of the neck drains into what? accounts for what % of drainage?
Right lymphatic duct, accounts for 25% of drainage
What does the cervical plexus exit between from the neck?
Exits between anterior and middle scalenes
What is hyperparathyroidism and what is the main cause?
Any pathology that causes elevated PTH in the blood. Main cause (about 85% of the time) is a parathyroid adenoma- is benign tumor of single parathyroid gland
What muscle group does the pretracheal fascia wrap around and what compartment does this form?
Infrahyoid muscles
Makes the visceral compartment
The brachiocephalic vein is formed by the junction of what 2 structures?
Internal jugular vein and Subclavian vein
Jugulodigastric node
What motor nerve supplies all the infrahyoid muscles?
Ansa cervicalis
Where is the palatoglossal arch located in relation to the tonsils? what about palatopharyngeal arch?
Anterior to the tonsils - palatoglossal
Posterior to the tonsils- palatopharyngeal
The vascular compartment contains what? what are the superior/inferior boundaries?
Carotid sheaths - CCA, ICA, IJV and CN 10
boundaries are: Superior- base of skull, Inferior- Superior mediastinum
What 3 structures accompany the internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath?
Common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, CN 10
Where would Post auricular lymph nodes be located
Posterior to the ear
What major motor nerve originates from C3-C5 and what does it innervate?
Phrenic nerve, innervates the Diaphragm
What is the cartilage name where the vocal cords attach too and where is it located?
Arytenoid cartilage and is located within the larynx/ articulates with the cricoid cartilage
What are the 4 deep cervical spaces and what is the overall clinical significance of these spaces?
True retropharyngeal space, Danger space, Prevertebral space, Space within carotid sheaths
-Clinical significance is that although it is rare, Deep neck infections may occur in these spaces and potentially compress the trachea/esophagus or spread infection to the mediastinum
Where does the vertebral vein drain into?
Brachiocephalic vein
Where would you find deep cervical lymph nodes? (along what structure)
Descends along the IJV
What are the 4 main sensory cervical plexus nerves?
Lesser occipital nerve
Greater auricular nerve
transverse cervical nerve
supraclavicular nerve
What (nerve) provides sensory sensation to things below the vocal cords? what is the one muscle exception?
Inferior laryngeal muscles
Cricothyroid muscle is the exception- is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
Where is the Danger space located and identify the borders if possible (vertical borders: anterior/posterior/lateral. Inferior/superior boundaries)
Between the True Retropharyngeal space and the prevertebral space
vertical borders:
Anterior: alar fascia
posterior: Prevertebral fascia
Lateral: Carotid sheaths
Superior: base of skill. Inferior: base of posterior mediastinum