The kind of ethical theory that looks to the effects of an action to determine whether it is right or wrong.
What is consequentialism?
100
Justified, true belief, according to many philosophers.
What is knowledge?
100
An approach to philosophy that involves drawing from other philosophical traditions to bolster one's own tradition.
What is global philosophy?
100
Life is characterized by duhkha or suffering; suffering is caused by attachment; there is an end to suffering; the way to end suffering is the eightfold path.
What are the Four Noble Truths?
100
Important texts containing ritual instructions.
What are the Vedas?
200
The kind of ethical theory that looks at habits, attitudes, propensities of a person over the course of their life to determine what is right or wrong.
What is virtue ethics?
200
A mental state whose content can be characterized by a complete sentence or proposition.
What is a cognition?
200
The approach to other traditions which denies them of any validity.
What is being closed?
200
The Buddhists reject these texts as sources of knowledge in favor of meditative observation.
What are the Vedas?
200
What we call "Hinduism" is really a lot of different religions and philosophies--this group did not require a deity to author the Vedas but argued they were eternal.
Who are the Mimamsa?
300
A situation in which there are two conflicting choices, both of which are morally impermissible, but one must be chosen.
What is a moral dilemma?
300
In the pramana of inference, this part is called the "vyapti" in Sanskrit, and it is the part which brings together the inferential sign and the thesis.
What is the connection?
300
This admits of degrees, so that philosophical approaches may be more or less so, depending on how much they interact with other traditions.
What is boundedness?
300
Shantideva argued that the self, which does not really exist, can be compared to this in its supposed existence throughout time (diachronically).
What is a queue or a line?
300
In the Bhagavad Gita, Krishna appeals to this phenomenon as part of his argument that Arjuna should fight.
What is reincarnation?
400
According to Bina Gupta, the Bhagavad Gita incorporates both of these in a mutually supportive way.
What is virtue ethics and duty ethics?
400
This is the foundational pramana, according to the Buddhists.
What is perception?
400
This includes myths, origin stories, general approaches to life, and philosophy is responsible for both constructing and articulating is.
What is a worldview?
400
Amber Carpenter argues that Shantideva's approach was this, meaning that while he may have employed arguments, his goal was for his readers to change as a result, not just come to agree.
What is proteptic?
400
These texts are protophilosophical, contain discussions of Brahman, or ultimate reality, and were influential for the Bhagavad Gita.
What are the Upanishads?
500
Because of its emphasis on compassion and the perfections as well as diminishing suffering, Buddhism might be characterized as a combination of these two ethical approaches.
What is virtue ethics and consequentialism?
500
The name for the possible problem for extrinsic justification/validity in which we must continue to find another justificatory source without end.
What is infinite regress?
500
According to Ninian Smart, Shankara, Nagarjuna, St. Thomas Aquinas, and the Buddha himself are examples of this type of philosopher.
What is a spiritual analyst?
500
The deepest problem of suffering, according to the Buddhists, was not that we experience pain or existential angst, but that this was characterized by co-dependent origination or interdependence.
What is all of reality?
500
The first is a Sanskrit term for rules or laws in general, and the second is a Sanskrit term for the law of cause and effect.