Hinduism: Questions
What text provides Hinduism with the belief that Atman and Brahman are one and the same?
Upanishads
Define Monism and Moksha.
all reality is made up of one essence
achieving liberation
What is unique about Hinduism's polytheism?
they believe that all gods are really just many masks/names for one God (one 'essence')
What is the name of the leader in Vajrayana Buddhism?
Dali Lama
Define: Buddha and Nirvana
"the awakened one"
achieving 'final liberation' after enlightenment (equivalent to Hindu 'moksha')
Karma and Dharma
Define: Rig Veda and Bhagavad Gita
Praise of Knowledge; Hinduism's oldest sacred text
a short excerpt of a larger epic poem; Hinduism's most popular sacred text
what are the two languages of sacred texts for Hinduism and Buddhism? (be able to accurately delaminate then)
Sanskrit and Pali
Siddhartha Gautama
Define: Bodhisattvas and Dharma
people who have attained enlightenment, but have stopped short of achieving Nirvana so as to assist others in attaining Enlightenment and Nirvana
term in Buddhism for the Buddha's teachings
How did the caste system historically develop?
Bonus: Provide name of 3 of 4 castes
Aryan (Proto-Indo-European) migration and systematic structuralizing of indigenous society into a system that benefits them (with indigenous persons on bottom)
Brahmin
Kshatriyas
Vaishyas
Shudras
Define Karma and Dharma
law of cause and effect
code of ethics
so as to act according to his 'dharma'
What is the doctrine of the Middle Way?
a life between asceticism and pure engagement of sensual desire (a pragmatic approach to spiritual enlightenment)
Define: Sangha and 5 Precepts
Bonus: How many members were in the first Sangha group
this is the Buddhist monastic community
the oaths that all Buddhists swear
Bonus: 5 (the 5 ascetics)
What are the 4 stages of life?
Student
House-Holder
Forest-Dweller
Sannyasin/Ascetic
Define Avatar and Upanishads and Samsara
incarnation of a deity
200+ collection of texts that provide commentary on Hindu Vedas
wheel of rebirth/reincarnation
How does Vajrayana Buddhism "fight fire with fire"?
Bonus: what are 2 ways they do this?
While Buddhism usually is trying to abstain from desire (as it is the cause of suffering), Vajrayana path pursue sensual stimulation as a means of providing fuel for the path to enlightenment
What are the 3 Jewels of Buddhism?
The Buddha
The Dharma (Buddhist Teachings)
The Sangha
Define: Arhat and Noble 8 Fold Path
One who has become enlightened
Defines the basic practices of Buddhism that leads to Nirvana
What are the 4 Goals of Life in Hinduism?
Kama (pleasure)
Artha (material success/social prestige)
Dharma (devotion to code of ethics)
Moksha (pursuing one of the paths to Liberation)
The three paths to Liberation in Hinduism are Karma Marga; Jnana Marga; and Bhakti Marga. What does each of these vocab words/paths emphasize?
emphasizing performing right actions/works
emphasizing knowing the true nature of reality through meditation and study
emphasizing loving devotion to a god/goddess
Hinduism and Buddhism have many similarities and differences. What are 2 similarities and 2 differences?
Literally so many idek how to list them all? Lets start here:
Similar:
cyclical cosmology; belief in multiple gods; karma; samsara; liberation from samsara (moksha/nirvana)
Differences:
Non-Caste System; religious language; no worshipping of gods in Buddhism; etc.
What are the 3 divisions of Buddhism?
(Bonus: provide the main focus of 2/3 for 100)
Theravada; Mahayana; and Vajrayana
sacred texts/meditation; worship/devotion to Buddhas/Bodhisattvas; sensual appeal
List the 4 Noble Truths
to live is to experience suffering
suffering is caused by desire
suffering can be ceased
to end suffering, follow the Noble 8 Fold Path