Islamic Spread
What people group in western Europe stopped the spread of Islam?
Franks
What was the name of the conflicts that began when Muhammad died?
Wars of Apostasy
Where did Greek Orthodox Christianity spread to?
Balkans and Russia
Muhammad's move from Mecca
Hegira
Location of the Ka'bah
Mecca
An important Byzantine weapon used against Islamic armies
Greek fire
Title of the political leader of the Sunnis
caliph
During which Caliphate did Islamic focus shift from conquest to learning and culture?
Abbasid Caliphate
Holy war against non Muslims
Jihad
Destination of Muhammad's flight
Medina
Name the battle whose victory Muhammad saw as divine approval of his religious teachings
Battle of Badr
Title of the leader of the Shiites
imam
preserved much of Greek knowledge
Byzantine Empire
One who does not hold Islamic beliefs
infidel
Capital of the Umayyad Caliphate
Damascus
What impact did Charles Martel have on the Muslim advance in western Europe?
He led forces that stopped the Muslim advance in western Europe
Name the 5 pillars of Islam
- recitation of the creed
- daily prayers
- almsgiving
- fasting during Ramadan
- pilgrimage to Mecca
Defeated by Muslim forces in 637
Sassanid Empire
An Islamic holy book that contains a description of Muhammad's life
Hadith
Capital of the Abbasid Caliphate
Baghdad
3 causes for Islam spreading
- lowering taxes
- war and conquest
- unity against the infidels
Explain why the Muslims divided into Sunnis and Shiites. Describe the difference between their chosen leaders.
After Uthmann, the third caliph, was killed during a dispute, two different groups chose different leaders. The Shiites chose to follow a leader whom they call an imam. They believe their leader retains Muhammad's political and spiritual authority. However, the Sunnis have a political leader called a caliph and a spiritual leader called an imam. They believe that any worthy Muslim can be selected to lead Islam.
3 contributions (or advancements) of the Abbassid Caliphate
- irrigation
- astrolabe
- gunpowder
required Islamic pilgrimage
hajj
Where Islam's advance in Europe was stopped
Tours