Trench Warfare
Duck boards had 2 key purposes. What were they?
1. To protect against Trench Foot.
2. To stop soldiers sinking in the mud.
Define Conscription:
Conscription is the compulsory enrolment for military service in one's home country.
In what country is ANZAC Cove located?
Turkey (formerly known as the Ottoman Empire)
Define Alliance:
The correct answer must contain each of the 3 underlined phrases.
An alliance is a union or ‘friendship’ between countries that was formed for mutual benefit. By joining an alliances, each participating nation promised to provide military support if one of its members was attacked by a member of the opposing alliance.
Key Terms:
- Union between multiple countries
- Mutual benefit
Whose assassination is considered the 'short term trigger' of WWI?
Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand
Describe and define no-man’s land?
No man’s land was the space between the two opposing trenches; it was protected by rows of barbed wire. It could be anywhere from 50 metres to one kilometre wide.
Conscription was not mandatory in Australia during WWI, instead, men joined the AIF. What does this stand for?
Australian Imperial Force.
How long did the Gallipoli campaign go for?
Approximately 8 months
Who were the 3 countries involved in 'The Triple Entente'?
- Britain
- France
- Russia
What were the 4 MAIN causes of WWI?
Militarism
Imperialism
Alliances
Nationalism
Explain what this image is depicting.
An aerial view of shell and bomb damaged battlefields and trenches.
What were the results of the two Referendums on conscription?
Bonus 100 points if you can name both years that the Referendums took place!
Conscription was defeated in both the October 1916 and December 1917 Referendums.
List 3 reasons Australian soldiers wanted to enlist in the war.
What Countries were in 'The Central Powers' or Triple Alliance?
- Italy
- Austria-Hungry
- Germany
*Ottoman Empire
Which countries were involved in the declarations of war in 1914?
Hint: There were more than 5!Austria, Hungary, Serbia, Russia, Germany, France, and Britain.
What was the special design of trenches and why were they designed this way? (List two reasons they were designed like this)
Trenches were designed in a zigzag pattern to protect the trench against attack. This structure meant that:
- explosions could be contained to specific areas and/or;
- that no enemy, standing at one end could fire for more than a few yards down its length
Therefore protecting as many soldiers as possible from incoming attack.
Identify and explain who was more likely to be in support of and against conscription.
For: Supporters of conscription tended to be middle- and upper-class people of British and Protestant background. These people argued that it was the patriotic duty of Australians to continue to support the war effort. They accused opponents of being lazy and selfish, of being ‘German lovers’ and of letting down the thousands who had already given their lives.
Against: Opponents of conscription were more likely to be working class. Those who opposed conscription claimed that Australia had already given enough of its young men. They said that it was not really Australia’s war. They also argued that several hundred thousand soldiers had gone voluntarily to the war and that it was not necessary to force Australians to fight.
Many trade unionists opposed conscription, arguing that the war was a capitalist war and should not be supported. Some trade unionists also argued that if the majority of able-bodied Australian men were sent to the front, employers would begin to employ non-whites at lower wages, undermining the gains that Australian workers had made.
List 3 reasons the Gallipoli Campaign failed. Give detail
- The entrance to the Dardanelles was laid with mines which destroyed major battleships.
- The boats missed their bearings in the dark and landed in the wrong spot.
- Soldiers were disoriented when they arrived at ANZAC Cove and were faced with the unexpectedly harsh terrain.
- Turkish soldiers maintained the 'high ground' making it impossible for the ANZACS to get ahead
Explain Germany's motive for wanting alliances.
Germany had previously taken two provinces (Alsace & Lorraine) from France and they feared France would want to enact revenge.
What was the event that involved Britain in the war in Europe?
Germany invaded Belgium as a way of attacking France. However, Belgium was a neutral state and as they had friendly diplomatic relations with Britain, this caused them to get involved.
Fill in the blanks in the following passage:
The use of _________ gas and other chemical weapons meant that all soldiers needed to have _____ _______ on hand. Mustard gas was almost ________ and took 12 hours to take effect. It was so powerful that small amounts, added to high-explosive shells, were effective. Once in the soil, mustard gas remained active for several _______.
The use of mustard gas and other chemical weapons meant that all soldiers needed to have gas masks on hand. Mustard gas was almost odourless and took 12 hours to take effect. It was so powerful that small amounts, added to high-explosive shells, were effective. Once in the soil, mustard gas remained active for several weeks.
Analyse the following source:
Who do you think is the intended audience of this propaganda poster ? Explain why you think this would have been effective in influencing voters? Justify your view.
*At Miss H's discretion
In your own words, explain the significance of the Gallipoli peninsula and what impact did the allies hope control of this region would bring?
The Gallipoli peninsula was chosen as a place of strategic importance because it guarded the entrance to the Dardanelles - a strategic waterway. The allies hoped that ifthey could gain control of this region they could:
Open up the supply lines through the Dardanelles and into Russia, to help support Russian troops fighting Germany on the Eastern front.
OR
Help the Allies to fight Germany and Austria-Hungary would feel threatened.
Look at the following image at the end of 1913. Explain how this source can assist us in understanding why Austria-Hungry wanted a war with Serbia.
Nationalism was an especially strong force in the Balkan states and this 'powder keg' is largely considered a key factor in the outbreak of WWI. Explain in detail why this was the case and why other European countries were fearful of this National pride.
As is insinuated by the name “the powder keg of Europe,” the Balkans were not the major issue at stake in the war, but were the catalyst that led to the conflagration
Several national groups had won their independence from the Turkish Ottoman Empire following the 1820s. With the imperialistic ambitions and interests in this region, there was a growth in nationalism among the indigenous peoples, leading to the formation of the independent states of Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Romania, and Albania.
This alarmed the military leaders of Austria–Hungary who feared that the Austro-Hungarian Empire could also be infected by national minorities seeking independence.
The main problem was tension between Austria and Serbia, the most powerful of the independent Balkan nations.
There was significant concern that rising tension in the Balkan states would