The Spark & Alliances
This heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated on June 28, 1914, sparking World War I.
Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
The German navy retaliated against Britain’s blockade by using these underwater submarines
What are U-boats?
Passed in 1918, this wartime act made it a crime to use "disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the U.S. government or military
What is the Sedition Act?
Armistice Day was set to take effect at this specific time on November 11, 1918.
What is the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month?
Under Article 231 of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was forced to accept full blame for starting the war, known as this clause.
What is the War Guilt Clause?
This Serbian nationalist assassinated the Archduke in Sarajevo, triggering the alliance system.
Who was Gavrilo Princip?
In May 1915, a German submarine torpedoed and sank this British ocean liner, killing 1,198 people, including 128 Americans.
What is the Lusitania?
This Socialist leader received a 10-year prison sentence under wartime legislation after delivering an anti-war speech.
Who was Eugene V. Debs?
Woodrow Wilson introduced this comprehensive plan in January 1918 to address the root causes of the war and prevent future conflicts.
What are the Fourteen Points?
Germany was mandated to pay this exact dollar amount in war reparations to the Allied nations.
What is $33 billion?
These were the four main underlying causes of WWI before the assassination
What are Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, and Nationalism?
In 1917, British intelligence intercepted this secret German telegram promising Mexico the return of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona if they joined the Central Powers against the U.S.
What is the Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note)?
Famous Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. compared illegal wartime speech to falsely shouting this in a theater.
What is "Fire!"?
Point #14 called for the creation of this "general association of nations" to safeguard international peace
What is the League of Nations?
This Senator led the "Reservationists" who wanted to modify the treaty to protect Congress's constitutional power to declare war.
Who was Senator Henry Cabot Lodge?
Great Britain declared war on Germany after German troops marched through this neutral country to reach France.
What is Belgium?
Despite official neutrality, U.S. trade quadrupled from 1914 to 1916 primarily with these two Allied nations
Who are Britain and France?
In Schenck v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that speech is not protected if it presents this type of danger to national security.
What is a "clear and present danger"?
Core principles of the Fourteen Points included open diplomacy, free trade, freedom of the seas, and this principle allowing national groups to determine their own governments.
What is self-determination?
These were the four Allied nations that made up the "Big Four" architects of the Treaty of Versailles.
What are the United States, Great Britain, France, and Italy?
This nation mobilized its military forces first to defend its ally, Serbia, against Austria-Hungary.
What is Russia?
President Woodrow Wilson officially declared U.S. policy in 1914 to remain "Neutral in fact as well as in name, impartial in thought as well as..." this
What is "action"?
The socialist Charles Schenck was arrested for distributing leaflets encouraging draftees to peacefully resist the draft, arguing that military conscription violated this specific Constitutional Amendment prohibiting involuntary servitude.
What is the 13th Amendment?
Although World War I fighting stopped in 1918, Armistice Day was officially designated as a U.S. federal legal holiday in this year.
What is 1938?
Led by Senator William Borah, this Senate faction completely rejected the Treaty of Versailles under any circumstances, believing foreign alliances sacrificed U.S. sovereignty.
Who were the Irreconcilables (or Isolationists)?