Pre-War Europe
This region of southeastern Europe was known as the “powder keg” due to ethnic tensions.
The Balkans
Emperor of Germany during the war
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Type of warfare dominating the Western Front.
Trench warfare
This term describes mobilizing an entire society for war.
Total War
This empire collapsed after the 1917 revolutions.
Russian Empire
This alliance included Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy before 1915.
Triple Alliance (or Central Powers)
Austro-Hungarian heir whose assassination triggered the war.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
This battle symbolized French resistance and massive casualties in 1916.
Battle of Verdun
Government-controlled messaging used to shape public opinion.
Propaganda
This empire split into multiple nations including Austria and Hungary.
Austro-Hungarian Empire
This crisis in 1908 involved Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina.
Bosnian Crisis
Tsar of Russia at the start of World War I.
Nicholas II
This Eastern Front battle resulted in a major German victory over Russia in 1914.
Battle of Tannenberg
In Germany, this wartime economic system aimed to manage resources centrally.
War Raw Materials Department (KRA)
This 1917 revolution led to Bolshevik control in Russia.
October Revolution
This ideology promoted Slavic unity and was supported by Serbia.
Pan-Slavism
French general associated with the defense at Verdun.
Philippe Petain
This 1918 German offensive attempted to win the war before U.S. forces arrived
Spring Offensive
This British naval strategy restricted goods reaching Germany.
Naval Blockade
This new state emerged from former Ottoman territory in Anatolia.
Turkey
This declining empire struggled with nationalist movements and instability in Europe.
Ottoman Empire
German general who effectively directed the war effort in later years.
Erich Ludendorff
This treaty ended fighting between Germany and Russia.
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Severe food shortages in Germany during 1916–17 were known by this term.
Turnip Winter
This Weimar-era document established Germany’s postwar government.
Weimar Constitution