Before WWI
Identify two long term causes of World War I
nationalism
Militarism
alliance systems
Imperialism
colonial rivalries
Define Stalemate
Stalemates were when both armies had such Advanced defences that neither army could break through each others lines
Define total war
Total War is Warfare where all of a country's available resources, military as well as civilian, are employed.
Which German General launched the spring offensive in 1918?
Ludendorff
When did WWI end?
11am 11th November 1918
Define socialism
a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Describe the experiences of soldiers on the Western Front
Trench Warfare; Health and sanitation issues, dangers of being on the front line etc
How were British women impacted by WWI
the traditional role of women was changed as there were required to enter into the workforce, provided them with financial independence and changed the stereotype of women
Why did the US enter WWI in 1917? Outline two reasons
The American decision to declare war on Germany was evolutionary, and not triggered by a single event. The factors that finally culminated in Amer- ican involvement were:
- anti-German feeling that came from the U-boat sinking of the British liner Lusitania on 8 May 1915, in which 1924 lives were lost, 128 of them Americans (see source 13.13)
- unrestricted warfare infringing the freedom of the seas and the loss of further American lives from sinking of American ships by German U-boats. Germany declared unrestricted U-boat warfare on 1 February 1917; two days later America broke off diplomatic relations with Germany.
-large sums of money loaned by the Americans to Britain. German victory would have involved financial loss for America.
- Allied propaganda presenting Germany as the aggressor, for example, the German invasion of Belgium
- release of the ‘Zimmerman telegram’ — a German attempt to negotiate an alliance with Mexico and Japan against the United States. Arthur Zimmerman, German ambassador to Mexico, proposed a Mexican and German alliance in the event of war between America and Germany.
- with German victory, the former Mexican territories of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas would be restored to Mexico.
In the treaty of Versailles, who was responsible for the cause of WWI?
What month was boiling point for the start of WWI
July
Name two strategies used to break stalemate
Somme, Verdun, Passchendaele
Identify two forms of propaganda used by Germany in WWI
posters, post cards, mobile cinemas, news reels
Why did Russia leave WWI in 1917?
By February 1917, the demoralised Russian army had suffered eight million casualties and one million more Russian soldiers had deserted. With the Tsar’s authority shattered, the government collapsed and Russia was in revolution.
Identify the three main leaders and their countries involved in the Treaty of Versailles
Clemenceau- France
Wilson- USA
Lloyd George- Britain
Who assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand and where was he from?
Gavrilo Princep, Serbia
In what year did the attitudes of soldiers begin to change and why
1915- the war had begun to go on longer than they thought, stalemate had set in and trench life was not the ideal image they were presented with
Britain and Germany both were using conscription to recruit soldiers from 1914. True or False
False
How did Russian withdrawal impact Germany?
The Russian collapse enabled Germany to shift its military divisions — comprising one million men — and resources from the Eastern to the Western Front.
Describe German morale in 1918
Morale crumbled in Germany with home front food shortages, years of hardship and the realisation of defeat on the Western Front. After the initial success of Operation Michael turned to defeat, the collapse of German morale accelerated further. War weariness and sustained Allied propaganda hit the exhausted German troops. Discipline broke down as rates of desertion increased and hungry soldiers scavenged to supply themselves. The tactics used during the Spring Offensive had cost half a million German lives, and so, in an effort to replenish the ranks, German boys were recruited. In July, Ludendorff was almost forced to postpone a planned attack on the Western Front because so many of his troops had rapidly fallen ill and died from a new scourge called the Spanish ’flu. Germany had had enough of war.
Who were the first two countries to declare war on each other in 1914
Austria and Serbia
Name the two main alliance systems and the main countries in them
Triple Entente- Britain, France, Russia
Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
What challenge was there for the British home front in 1915?
Shell Shortage crisis
The first offensive of the Spring offensive had a code name of
Michael
Which battle broke the German resistance?
Battle of Amiens