“The Long Fuse”
This alliance, formed in 1879 between Germany and Austria-Hungary, was the core of Bismarck’s system to isolate France.
What is the Dual Alliance?
The assassination that sparked WWI occurred in this Bosnian city in June 1914.
What is Sarajevo?
This type of warfare, defined by long, fortified lines and deadly no-man’s-land, characterized the Western Front after 1914.
What is trench warfare?
A war in which governments mobilize all resources—economic, industrial, and human—is known by this term.
What is total war?
At the end of the war, Germany asked for an armistice based in part on this American president’s “Fourteen Points.”
Who is Woodrow Wilson?
This term describes Britain’s pre-1902 foreign policy of avoiding permanent alliances on the continent.
What is “splendid isolation”?
He was the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne whose assassination triggered the July Crisis.
Who is Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
This new weapon, first used on a large scale at the Second Battle of Ypres in 1915, caused blindness, burns, and panic among soldiers.
What is poison gas?
This kind of media, used by all major powers, aimed to shape public opinion, maintain morale, and demonize the enemy.
What is propaganda?
This article of the Treaty of Versailles assigned sole war guilt to Germany and justified reparations.
What is Article 231?
This declining empire, nicknamed the “Sick Man of Europe,” became the focus of great power competition in the Balkans.
What is the Ottoman Empire?
Germany’s pledge of unconditional support to Austria-Hungary in July 1914 is known by this nickname.
What is the “blank check”?
This 1916 German offensive was designed to “bleed France white” and became a symbol of pointless slaughter.
What is the Battle of Verdun?
Give one example of how civilian life changed under total war conditions during WWI.
What is any of the following: rationing, price controls, women entering factories, conscription, censorship, government takeover of industries, limits on civil liberties, etc.?
Name the four major empires that collapsed as a result of WWI.
What are any two of the following: German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Russian Empire?
Name two of the “MAIN” long-term causes of WWI (the acronym often used in AP Euro).
What are any two of the following: militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism?
This German war plan called for a rapid strike through Belgium to knock France out before turning on Russia.
What is the Schlieffen Plan?
Name two military technologies that greatly increased casualties and stalemate on the Western Front.
What are any two of the following: machine guns, artillery/long-range artillery, poison gas, barbed wire, flamethrowers?
In many countries, especially Britain and Germany, this group entered the workforce in large numbers to replace men who had gone to the front, helping fuel later calls for suffrage.
Who are women?
Wilson’s plan for a postwar world included this international organization meant to provide collective security and prevent future wars.
What is the League of Nations?
This movement, encouraged by Russia, sought to unite the Slavic peoples of southeastern Europe under a common political cause, directly threatening Austria-Hungary.
What is Pan-Slavism?
This 1914 battle on the Western Front halted the German advance on Paris and effectively ended the war of movement, ushering in trench warfare.
What is the First Battle of the Marne?
This 1916 battle, launched partly to relieve pressure on Verdun, is remembered for horrific casualties and the first large-scale use of tanks.
What is the Battle of the Somme?
Name one way total war strengthened the power of the state and one way it weakened traditional social or political structures.
Strengthened: expanded bureaucracy, economic planning, censorship, police powers, conscription, etc.
Weakened: old class distinctions, liberal constitutional norms, traditional gender roles, dynastic monarchies, etc.
Identify one major way in which the Treaty of Versailles sowed the seeds of future instability in Europe.
Examples: harsh reparations on Germany, “war guilt” clause humiliation, creation of weak new states with ethnic tensions in Eastern Europe, resentment over territorial losses, exclusion of Germany and Soviet Russia from negotiations, unrealistic expectations about self-determination, etc.