Energy can be transferred
Define the term 'energy'
Energy is the ability to do work, it is how things change and move.
Define the term 'potential energy'
An object that has the potential (future ability) to do work has potential energy
Define kinetic energy
Is the energy found in a moving object
Identify one way that energy can be transferred without being transformed.
Describe a conductor and an insulator
A conductor allows the charges to flow easily and an insulator restricts the movement of the charges
Explain why the direction the arrows point in a flow diagram is important.
It shows the direction of energy flow.
Define gravitational potential energy (GPE) and describe what happens as an object falls?
It is energy stored in an object due to its position in the gravitational field. As an object falls, its GPE can be transformed into other forms of energy (i.e. Kinetic)
Explain why sound energy is a type of kinetic energy.
Contrast (the differences between) energy transformation and energy transfers.
Transfer - movement of energy from one to another
Transform - process of changing energy from one form to another
Describe what happens when electric charges become separated?
They have electrical energy, they are in a state of excitement and the positive and negative charges try to get back together again.
Identify the type of devices that the following flow diagrams could represent (100 points for each correct).
wires -> motor -> air
battery -> wires -> light globe
food -> muscles -> bicycle
1) Electric fan
2) Flash light
3) Person riding a bicycle
Identify four devices, that can be given elastic potential energy
Spring, Rubber band, Bow + Arrow, Trampoline
Describe thermal energy and explain why an ice block feels cool in our hands.
Energy that comes from heat and kinetic energy. The ice block takes thermal energy away from out hands.
Create a flow diagram for how wind turbines work and provide energy to households.
Kinetic energy of air -> kinetic energy of wind generator -> kinetic energy of turbines -> electrical energy of wires
Contrast the differences between AC and DC
AC = alternating current: the flow of electrons reverses directions 50 times every second
DC = electrons flow in one direction only
Create a flow diagram on the whiteboard for how chemical energy from diesel fuel is used to move the wheels of some trains (include the type of energy for each stage)
Diesel (chemical energy) -> motor (kinetic energy) -> wheels (kinetic energy)
Explain the differences between chemical potential energy (CPE) and nuclear energy.
CPE: transferred when new chemicals are formed
Nuclear: released when an atom is split
Identify the features of a car that would absorb the driver's kinetic energy in a collision.
Airbags - absorbs kinetic energy
Seatbelts - restrain the occupants
Crumble zones/design of the cars: to absorb kinetic energy
Create an energy diagram that shows how we get our energy from eating an apple.
1. Sunlight: Apple grows 2. Chemical Energy - apple stores energy from sunlight 3. Digestion: When we eat the apple, our digestive system breaks down the energy. 4. Chemical energy can be converted into another energy or stores as glucose/fat.
Explain how a switch works in an electrical circuit. Include a description of what happens to the flow of electrons when the switch is open and closed.
A switch in an electrical circuit controls the flow of electricity by either completing or interrupting the circuit. When the switch is open (off position), it breaks the circuit, preventing the flow of electrons. When the switch is closed (on position), it completes the circuit, allowing electrons to flow through the circuit.
Create a flow diagram for how chemical energy from a battery is used to turn the wheels of a car (four stages, include the type of energy for each stage)
Battery (chemical energy) -> Wires (electrical energy) -> Motor (kinetic energy) -> Wheels (kinetic energy)
Describe how a person might use a bow to shoot an arrow (5 steps). Identify the type of potential energy used in this process.
1. Placing arrow on bow string. 2. Draw the Bow - stores elastic potential energy. 3. Aim the bow. 4. Release the arrow - releases the potential energy in the bow and transfers to the arrow. 5. Arrow is propelled forward
Elastic potential energy and converted into kinetic energy.Compare and contrast (the similarities and differences) between kinetic energy and potential energy.
Similarities: they are both forms of energy, can be transformed into other types of energy, measured in joules.
Differences: Kinetic (active form) is the energy of motion, potential (stored form) is the energy that object possesses
Explain how chemical energy (in a battery) can produce music
1. chemical energy stored in battery 2. transformed into electrical energy 3. the electrical energy flows through the wires to headphones 4. energy is transformed into kinetic energy as the tiny speakers in headphones vibrate 5. transformed into sound energy - which our ears pick up
What is an electric shock? In what circumstances do you receive an electric shock - what must you be wearing or doing?
An electric shock is the physiological reaction or injury caused by electric current passing through the body. To receive an electric shock, you must be in contact with the source of electricity and provide a path for the electric current to flow through your body